COMBINED CYCLES

ENERGY SOURCES AND CONVERSION SYSTEMS

PREPARED BY:
FARIN, ZEDRICK | DEMORAL, ALNIE | BABIERA, BRYAN
DISCUSSION OUTLINE

 PART 1
 OBJECTIVES, DEFINITION AND SIGNIFICANCE
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 FUNCTIONS AND POWER PLANT APPLICATIONS
 PART 2
 COMBINED CYCLE PROCESS
 GAS TURBINE COMBINED CYCLE
 Other Variations

 OTHER COMBINED CYCLE SYSTEM

 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
 PART 3
 RECENT ADVANCEMENTS
PART 1 :
DEFINITION,
HISTORY, AND
APPLICATION
 Objectives

To present a deeper comprehension regarding on the

definition and the different architecture or configuration
of Combined Cycles (CC) by highlighting their relevant
characteristics and applications in different field.

To discuss recent improvements in the system based

from peer-reviewed journals and sample computations
for some type of configuration.
 DEFINITION
The basic architecture of
a CC is a primary
efficient cycle whose
lowest temperature is the
heat source of a
secondary cycle that is
efficient between the
minimum temperature of
the primary cycle and the
minimum temperature of
the secondary cycle
(Garcia, Garcia, Carril, &
Garcia, 2017).
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/consider-combined-gas-steam-power-cycle-topping-cycle-
simple-brayton-cycle-following-known-q3794245
SIGNIFICANCE

 Combined
Incorporating cycles
combined cycle will
(CC) are solution to
maximized the power
reduce the amount of
production
energy wasted andin will
the
increased
energy the
conversion
efficiency
(Garcia, of aGarcia,
power
plant.
Carril, & Garcia,
2017).

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basic-cycles.JPG
HISTORY

1949 - 1968 1968 – 1980 1990s

• first power • Second • Third

generation generation generation
combined combined- combined-
cycle cycle cycle
Table 1. Gas turbine in first power generation
combined cycle (Chase, n.d)

Parameters Description/Features
Gas Turbine Small Size
Repowering & Cogeneration
Application
from 1949 – 1968
Non-reheat, Single or Two
Steam Cycle
Pressure
Fuel Distillate Oil/Natural Gas
Table 2. Second generation combined-cycle system
characteristics (Chase, n.d)

Parameters Description/Features
Gas Turbine 50 – 90 MW Capacity
Heat Recovery Feedwater
Application
Heating CC from 1968 - 1980
Non-reheat, Single, Two &
Steam Cycle
Three Pressure
Distillate Oil/Natural Gas/Low
Fuel
BTU Gas/Heavy Oils
Table 3. Third generation combined-cycle system
characteristics (Chase, n.d)

Parameters Description/Features
Gas Turbine 70 – 250 MW Capacity
Heat Recovery Feedwater
Application
Heating CC in the 1990s
Steam Cycle Reheat, Three Pressure
Distillate Oil/Natural Gas/Low
Fuel
BTU Gas
FUNCTIONS AND POWER PLANT
APPLICATIONS
Geothermal energy
• Journals reported that geothermal CC composed of
a flash-binary and an ORC provides an efficiency
ranging from 7.7% to 15.1% (Zeyghami, 2015).

Transport (vehicles and marine PP)

• The implementation of Rankine cycles for recovering
heat in mobile applications have been studied for
years and example of which is by incorporating
Rankine cycle Waste Heat Recovery.

Nuclear power plant

• The features of this NPP uses light water pressurized
water reactor which is characterizes by its low cycle
efficiency (about 33%) due to the relatively low pressure
and temperature throttling conditions of the steam
supplied to the steam turbines in these NPP (Darwish, Al
Awadhi, & Bin Amer, 2010).
A.Combined power cycles using Brayton
cycles
• Gas turbines have a low operational cost and high
efficiency. the gas turbine is commonly coupled to a
Rankine cycle to exploit the energy of the exhaust gases
of the gas turbine (Vaccarelli, Sammak, Jonshagen, &
Carapellucci, 2016).

A.Integrated solar combined cycle systems

• Integrated solar combined cycle systems (ISCCS)
are a power architecture where solar energy
contributes to the power production. ISCCS are a
derivation of solar power plants, where solar thermal
energy is used to produce power directly.

A.Integrated gasification combined cycle

• Integrated gasification combined cycles (IGCC)
require gasifiers operating at high temperature to
ensure fast and complete carbon conversion thus,
molten salts slag can be produced (Garcia, Garcia,
Carril, & Garcia, 2017).
PART 2 :
COMBINED
CYCLE
PROCESS
GAS TURBINE COMBINED CYCLE

Simplified gas turbine combined cycle diagram

HEAT RECOVERY STEAM
GENERATOR (HRSG)
Why combine cycles?

T-S Diagram Comparison with Brayton and Rankine Cycle

SINGLE PRESSURE WITHOUT
SUPPLEMENTARY FIRING
Temperature – Heat Transfer
Diagram
Effect of design parameters and
ambient conditions to output
and efficiency

 Live steam condition

 Temperature
 Pressure
 Cooling medium and condenser pressure
 Waste heat boiler pinch point
 Gas exhaust temperature
 Effect of Ambient condition
Effect of live steam pressure
Cooling medium and
Condenser Pressure
Waste Heat Boiler Pinch

T1

T2

230 ⁰C t1 = t2

At higher pinch:
TWO PRESSURE SYSTEM WITHOUT
SUPPLEMENTARY FIRING
Temperature – Heat Transfer
Diagram

Comparison with single pressure system

Gas Turbine Combined
Cycle Variations

 Steam Injection to Gas Turbine

 Supplementary Firing
 Steam Injection into Gas
Turbine : Three Steam Boiler

System with 3-Pressure

Boiler for Steam
Injection into Gas
Turbine
Steam Injection into Gas
Turbine : Steam Extraction

System with Extraction

Turbine for Steam
Injection into Gas
Turbine
Supplementary Firing
Sample Problem
Other Combined Cycle
System

 Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC)

 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
 Nuclear Air Brayton Combined Cycle (NACC)
Integrated Solar Combined
Cycle (ISCC)
Integrated Gasification
Combined Cycle (IGCC)

Comparison without CO2 Capture

Integrated Gasification
Combined Cycle (IGCC)

Comparison with CO2 Capture

Nuclear Air Brayton Combined
Cycle (NACC)
PART 3 : RECENT
ADVANCEMENT