Arhitectura functionala GSM

CS-domain GMSC
MSC/VLR
BTS
BSS PSTN
Circuit Core
BSC Network

GSM MFS

Multimode HLR
handset BTS MBS

SGSN
UMTS
GSM GGSN
ATM
GSM MBS RNC
MUX
EGPRS GPRS
UMTS backbone IP
UMTS Network
UTRAN /GSM
MBS
RNC PS-domain
UMTS
 Arhitectura functionala GSM

interventii
OSS

GSM
MS
BSS NSS Alte retele

abonati
 Arhitectura functionala GSM
structura retelei: abrevieri

 MS – Mobile Station – terminalul propriu-zis (ME – mobile

equipment) impreuna cu o cartela SIM (Subscriber Identification
Module)

 BSS – Base Station System = partea radio, raspandita in

teritoriu, cu care interactioneaza direct statiile mobile (MS)

 NSS – Network Sub-System = partea de centrala telefonica,

grupata in citeva amplasamente geografice (situri)

 OSS – Operations Support System = partea de operare si

intretinere, asigurata prin sisteme specifice producatorilor
Arhitectura functionala GSM
Mobile Subscriber (ME + SIM)

 ME (Mobile Equipment): terminalul mobil, identificat unic

prin IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity), format din 15-
16 digiti

 SIM (Subscriber Identification Module), este un modul

(card) ce contine urmatoarele informatii: IMSI (International Mobile
Subscriber Identity), TMSI(Temporary IMSI), Ki (cheie de criptare),
Service Provider Name (SPN), si Local Area Identity (LAI). De
asemenea, pe SIM se mai pot stoca numere de telefon apelate
sau receptionate, cheia Kc (folosita la criptare), agenda
telefonica, sau alte aplicatii(Grup Mesaje Scrise, Agenda Back-
up, etc).
Schimburi in retea: securitatea convorbirii

…
... Random number selection

SIM card
…
... Radio Channel
RAND (128 bits)
AuC
Identification key (128 bits)
Ki RAND Ki

A3 A3
A3 A3

Signed ref. (32 bits) SRES SRES

=?

OK
A8 A8
A8
A8 Cipher command BTS
Kc : Cipher Kc
key
for the call (64 bits)

A5 A5
Speech - Data - Signalling A5 Ciphered data A5 Speech - Data - Signalling

Ciphering/Deciphering Ciphering/Deciphering
Arhitectura functionala GSM
BSS – Base Station System

NSS
PSTN/
ISDN

TC

BSS
 Arhitectura functionala GSM
definitii: tip BSS (Base Station System)
 BSS = partea radio, raspindita in teritoriu, ce realizeaza legatura cu
statiile mobile (MS)

 Celule: suprafete fizice in care este impartita aria de acoperire a

unei retele de telefonie mobila

 BTS: (Base Transceiver Station):statie de baza

 TRX: echipamente de emisie-receptie
 BSC: (Base Station Controller) controllerul statiilor de baza
 TC: transcoder (TRAU)
Arhitectura functionala GSM
BSS – Base Station System: elemente
 BTS – statia de baza – care transmite/primeste apeluri
la/de_la MS. Include echipamente radio de transmisie
(emisie/receptie (TRX) pentru fiecare sector (mono/bi/tri-sectorial))
si de semnalizare.

 BSC – controlerul statiilor de baza - indeplineste functia

de management al resurselor radio , actionind in acelasi timp ca
un comutator si ca un concentrator. Controleaza: transferul
intracelular al semnalului intre BTS-uri, realocarea frecventelor
intre BTS-uri.

 TC – TransCoders - conversia de format a datelor (de la 13 la

64kbit/s si invers) intre BSC-uri si partea de centrala (MSC) unde
este si localizat fizic.
Arhitectura functionala GSM
celule: plan celular
4 7 1 8 5

3 10 2 9 6 11

4 7 1 8 5 12

3 3
D
10 2 9 6 11 10

4 7 1 8 5 12 4 7 1 8 5

2 9 6 11 3 10 2 9 6 11

12 4 7 1 8 5 12

2 9 6 11

12
Arhitectura functionala GSM
celule: canale in GSM 900/1800
960 960 1880 MHz frecvente

banda
200 kHz
descendenta
(BTS ->MS)

935 925 1805

banda 900 banda 1800
(2 x 25 MHz : 124 canale) (2 x 75 MHz : 374 canale)
915 915 1785 MHz

banda
ascendenta
MS -> BTS

890 880 1710

posibila extensie a benzii GSM
(2 x 35 MHz : 174 canale)
 Arhitectura functionala GSM

UPLINK
Band
DOWNLINK
(MS -> BTS)
Band
890-915 MHz (BTS ->MS)
925-960MHz

title
 Arhitectura functionala GSM
celule: BTS- mono/bi/tri-sectorial

Omni-directional
acoperirea unei arii
slab-populate

Uni-directional
acoperirea unui drum

Sectorial
acoperirea in localitati
BTS: outdoor

title
Arhitectura functionala GSM
NSS – Network Sub-System
PSTN/
MSC ISDN

EIR

SMS-C VLR

AuC
HLR
 Arhitectura functionala GSM
NSS – Network Sub-System

 MSC – Mobile-service Switching Center = centrala

telefonica propriuzisa (comutatorul), asigura interconectarea
abonatilor mobili cu retele de telefonie publica (PSTN)

 HLR – Home Location Register = baza de date

statica, permanenta, cu profile de abonati; contine si date
referior la localizarea si starea abonatului

 VLR – Visitor Location Register = baza de date

dinamica, in care sunt inscrisi abonatii ce se afla temporar in
aria unui alt MSC decit cel unde au fost declarati

 AuC – Authentication Center = contine chei de criptare

in vederea securizarii identitatii abonatilor unei retele
 Arhitectura functionala GSM
NSS – Network Sub-System
 VMS – Voice Mail Server = server utilizat in retelele GSM, ce
gestioneaza si stocheaza casute vocale ale abonatiolor
 SMS-C – Short Message Service Center = echipament
destinat trimiterii si stocarii SMS-urilor
 EIR – Equipment Identification Register = baza de date
operationala referitoare la identificarea aparatelor mobile, in
baza IMEI-ului
 Arhitectura functionala GSM
NSS – nodul de comutatie
 MSC = SSP + RCP (+VLR)
 SSP – Service Switching Point = creerea conexiunilor de la si
catre abonatii mobili sub control RCP, creerea conexiunilor de
tranzit, dispune de diverse resurse (anulatori de ecou,
generatoare de tonuri) pe care le poate angaja pentru diverse
conexiuni pe care le realizeaza)
 RCP – Radio Control Point = asigura mobilitatea (controlul
BSS, operatiuni referitoare la managementul mobilitatii, controlul
SSP pentru creerea si desfacerea conexiunilor)
 VLR – Visitors Location Register = stocarea informatiilor
dinamice referitoare la abonatii localizati, dialogul cu HLR
Schimburi in retea: secventa tipica de apel
GSM
Network
…
...
… PSTN or ISDN
... MS

CHANNEL REQUEST SET-UP of an

IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT RR CONNECTION (MO)

CM SERVICE REQUEST SERVICE INDICATION

AUTHENTICATION REQUEST
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSEAUTHENTICATION

CIPHERING MODE CMD

TRANSITION to CIPHERING MODE
CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE

SET UP START of CALL

CALL PROCEEDING

ASSIGNMENT CMD TRAFFIC CHANNEL

ASSIGNMENT COM ASSIGNMENT

ALERTING
CALL CONFIRMATION
CONNECT
CONNECT ACK CALL ACCEPTED
Schimburi in retea: stabilirea unei conexiuni radio

... Um
…
…
A bis A
...
MS BTS BSC MSC
RRCHANNEL REQUEST
RACH BTSM
CHANNEL REQUIRED

ASSIGNMENT of an
SDCCH Channel
BTSMCHANNEL ACTIV.
SDCCH N°
ACTIVATION of
Channel indicated
CHANNEL ACTIV. ACK
BTSM
RR IMM. ASSIGN. CMD
RRIMMEDIATE ASSIGN.
AGCH SDCCH N°
CONNECTION to the
SDCCH Channel T3101
MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST
SDCCH ESTABLISH INDIC.
SABM
SCCP CONNECT REQUEST
MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST
MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST
MM CM_SERVICE REQUEST T9105
SDCCH SCCP CONNECT CONFIRM
UA
Schimburi in retea: actualizarea locatiei

... Um A bis A
…
…
...
MS BTS BSC MSC VLR HLR
RACH RRCHANNEL REQUEST
BTSM
CHANNEL REQUIRED

BTSMCHANNEL ACTIV.

BTSM CHANNEL ACTIV. ACK

RR
RRIMMEDIATE ASSIGN. IMM. ASSIGN. CMD
AGCH
SABM MMLoc. Upd. Req.
SDCCH ESTABLISH INDIC.
SCCP CONNECT REQUEST
MA UPDATE LOCATION
UA MMLoc. Upd. Req. MMLoc. Upd. Req.
MMLoc. Upd. Req. P AREA MAPUPDATE LOCATION
SCCP CONNECT CONFIRM
MAPUPDATE LOCATION ACC

INSERT SUBSCR. DATA

MAP

TMSI Alloc.
LOCATION UPDATING MAPLOC. AREA UPD. ACC.
SCCP DATA MAP INSERT SUB. DATA ACK
MM ACCEPT DATA REQUEST
MMLoc. Upd. Acc.
TMSI MMLoc. Upd. Acc.
MMTMSI REALLOC COMPLETE
DATA INDICATION SCCP DATA
MMTMSI Realloc. compl.
MMTMSI Realloc. compl.
Schimburi in retea: apel international

VMSC VLR
International SCCP
…
...
… Visited PLMN Incoming Gateways
...
COUNTRY 3
Outgoing
Home PLMN

Incoming interrogation
HLR
Outgoing
GMSC

PSTN
COUNTRY 1
COUNTRY 2
Schimburi in retea: handover intra BSC
BTS BSC
MSC /
VLR
PSTN
 Schimburi in retea: handover intra BSC

A
…
...
… Um A bis PSTN or ISDN
...
MS BTS 1 BTS 2 BSC MSC
SACCH MEASUREMENT
RR REPORT
MEASUREMENT REPORT
SACCH MEASUREMENT
RR REPORT
MEASUREMENT REPORT

Internal Handover decision

BTSMCHANNEL ACTIV.

BTSM
CHANNEL ACTIV. ACK
DATA REQUESTRRHandover Cmd
RRHANDOVER COMMAND (RELEASE REQUEST)
(old FACCH Local End
) T8
(new)FACCH
RRHANDOVER ACCESS
(access burst) HANDOVER DETECTION
RRPHYSICAL INFO
FACCH Changeover to new channel
SABM
ESTABLISH INDIC.
UA

HANDOVER COMPLETE
RR
DATA INDICATION
SCCP DATA
RRHandover. compl.
BTSM
RF CHANNEL RELEASE BSSMAPH.O. Performed
RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACKRelease of old channel
BTSM
OSS: Operations Support System

 OMC-X: Operation and Maintenance Centre

 X: BSS/NSS (CS, PS)/Transmisiuni/VAS

 analizeaza alarmele din entitati

 instaleaza noi elemente de software
 parametrizeaza elementele
OSS (Operations Support System)
Network Management Center (Operation & Maintenance)

BSS
OMC-R

MFS

NMC OMC-G SGSN

GGSN

OMC-S MSC/VLR
HLR
Q&A