Do ontological assumptions

affect managerial and

professional reasoning?
Some ethnographic
evidence.
j.rooke@salford.ac.uk

Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment

j.rooke@salford.ac.uk
 What is a radical conceptual
change?

“for students to really understand what forces,

light, heat, and current are, they need to change
their conception that these entities are
substances, and conceive of them as a kind of
constraint-based event”

Chi 1992 pp140-141

http://www.pitt.edu/~chi/papers/Chi1992.pdf

Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment

j.rooke@salford.ac.uk
 Civil Engineering Standard Method of
Measurement (CESMM)
The object of CESMM is to set forth the
procedure according to which the Bill of
Quantities shall be prepared and priced and
the quantities of work expressed and
measured.

Institute of Civil Engineers

http://www.ice.org.uk/knowledge/contracts_cesmm.asp
Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment
j.rooke@salford.ac.uk
 The objects of the Bill of Quantities

* a. to provide such information of the

quantities of work as to enable tenders to be
prepared efficiently and accurately
* b. when a contract has been entered into,
to provide for use of the priced Bill of
Quantities in the valuation of work executed.

Institute of Civil Engineers

http://www.ice.org.uk/knowledge/contracts_cesmm.asp
Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment
j.rooke@salford.ac.uk
 Example of a CESMM analysis:
Class F.1-4,
provision of in situ concrete
● FIRST DIVISION: standard, designed, or
prescribed mix
● SECOND DIVISION: for provision of standard
or designed mixes, state strength; for provision
of prescribed mix, state proportions of each
constituent.
● THIRD DIVISION: type of cement and nominal
maximum size of aggregate.
Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment
j.rooke@salford.ac.uk
 Example of a CESMM analysis:
Class F.5-7,
placing of in situ concrete
● DIVISION ONE: mass, reinforced or
prestressed
● DIVISION TWO: (1) blinding; (2) bases
etc.; (3) suspended slabs; (4) walls; (5)
columns and piers; (6) beams; (7) casing;
(8) other
● DIVISION THREE: (*.1-4) state
thickness; (*.5-7) state cross sectional
area (*.*.1-5) or ‘special beam sections’
(*.*.6)
Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment
j.rooke@salford.ac.uk
 Planning for Time
The following time periods are required by the
Statutory Undertakers
Statutory Notice for Cable/Pipe
Undertakers Start-on-Site Laying & joints
Water Company 6 weeks 8 weeks
Electric Company 6 weeks 8 weeks
Gas Company 6 weeks 8 weeks
Phone Company 6 weeks 8 weeks
The above times for cable laying and jointing are
based on one gang working and its given a free access
to the whole of their works.

Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment

j.rooke@salford.ac.uk
 Consequences

● ICE Contract, 5th edition, Clause 14: the Contractor is required to supply a
programme for the work, within twenty-one days of their tender being accepted.
● In this programme, the Contractor had allotted eight weeks during which all four
of the statutory undertakers were expected to perform their work simultaneously
and specified how this work would be co-ordinated.
● The Resident Engineer responded that the Clause Fourteen programme was
unrealistic and the matter remained unresolved.
● When an initial 6 week delay upset this programmed work, the Contractor
claimed for a 17 week delay.

Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment

j.rooke@salford.ac.uk