Location: Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of India

Area:
(slightly larger than West Virginia)

total: 65,610 sq km

land: 64,740 sq km

water: 870 sq km

Land boundaries: no

Coastline: 1,340 km

Climate: tropical monsoon

North-East monsoon (Dec to March)
South-West monsoon (June to October)

Terrain: mostly low, flat to rolling plain

mountains in south-central interior
 Law land (dry zone) -agriculture
Highland- mineral & spices
coastal area--sea food

Limited Agriculture
Pastoral activities
hunting, gathering
rituals, symbols
Leadership
water management
distance trade
resource exchanging
private property
central highland village system
coastal area domestic life
shifting to resource zones
metal ,pottery & bead making Arrival of Buddha
hunting & gathering

Pre Historic Early Iron Age

27000 BC
Early Iron Age Arrival of Buddha
 Anuradhapura

Urbanization
Emergence of state
Religious institutions
war affairs
Long distance trade
Overseas connections
Art & Architecture
Sanitary facilities
massive irrigation work
Social higherachy
Arrival of Buddha writings
Education
labor specification

Historic
300 BC
Anuradhapura

Urbanization
Emergence of state
Religious institutions
war affairs
Long distance trade
Overseas connections
Art & Architecture
Sanitary facilities
Sigiriya fortress
massive irrigation work
Social higherachy Kalawewa reservoir
writings
Education
Mahawamsa
labor specification

Historic Mahayana Buddhism

200AD
 Sigiriya fortress

Kalawewa reservoir Polonnaruwa

kingdom
Mahawamsa
 Kandy/Kotte
Gampola
Kurunegala
Damadeniya
Polonnaruwa kingdoms
kingdom Colonial

Decline of
Polonnaruwa kingdom
i. coastal area-trade
(Portuguese & Dutch)
Central highland
(Local government)

European influence
(political
religion
cultural
education)
Western trade

ii. all over the country

Colonial British colony
Coastal area-trade
Highland – trade crops
Not End