Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
5-2
Flow Chart/Diagram
A flow chart/diagram is a line diagram showing the spatial
interrelations between the layout and the movement of
things
Flow chart/diagram is sequential. It indicates the spatial
interrelationship of materials and work places and
processes. It is used with a process chart to explain an
operation
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Flow Chart/Diagram Example (1)
EXISTING Panels Joists
JOBSITE
Plywood sheets
And Panels
Jacks and Stringers
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Flow Chart/Diagram Example (2)
PROPOSED
Prefabrication accomplished
In storage area
Plywood sheets
And Panels
JOBSITE
Joists and studs
Jacks and
Stringers
5-5
Process Chart (1)
A process chart is a chronologically arranged listing of the
various steps in an operation. Usually each item carries a
symbol which classifies it in terms of its general nature.
Symbols for the 5 main types of activities:
5-6
Process Chart (2)
Keep the level of detail of the activity comparable, e.g.,
“insert form tie” and “ weld 500 linear feet of pipe” are
not the same level of detail.
Process chart list the logical steps in an operation. They
are used to analyze present vs. future motions. Try to
decrease each stage of the cycle, typically the transport
and storage steps.
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Process Chart Example (1)
5-8
Process Chart Example (2)
5-9
Crew Balance Chart (1)
The crew balance chart shows the interrelationship
between the work of individual members of a crew and
its equipment
Record work activities in a permanent record (e.g., a
time-lapse or video film)
Break down work by crew member and by time for each
activity
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Crew Balance Chart (2)
Format:
One axis indicates time or frame member or percent of whole time
or time itself
The other is broken into bars representing each crew member or
resource (equipment)
Activity description are written on the bars
Shade essential work dark, contributory work lighter, non-
contributory work lightest
How to use them:
Do a crew balance for as-found method
Do crew balance for sequence of event, eliminating as many delays as
possible
Make suggestions to improve method and show resulting
improvement as a decrease in direct work by looking at methods
used and external factors beyond the crew’s control, e.g., material
delivery
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Crew Balance Chart Example (1)
5-12
Crew Balance Chart Example (1)
5-13
Cycle Chart
A cycle chart depicts one cycle of an operation
Take off all the cycle time for each operation
Work out the maximum, minimum, average, and standard
deviation of the individual cycles
Take the average cycles a found and find a cycle that best
approaches it
Analyze it to decrease delays
Compare an average delay-free cycle to the as-found cycles
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Cycle Chart Example
Minutes Existing
Tasks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 condition
Loader loads sand
Loader loads gravel
Hopper discharges aggregate to conveyor belt
Truck mixers sets its position
Truck mixers was cleaned
Conveyor belt loads aggregates to TM
Cement, water and additive added
TM mixes concrete, Final Check Potential improvement
Minutes
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Exercise1
Construct a cycle chart, a process chart, and a crew balance
chart for a drilling and rock-bolt placing operation with 3
resources whose time is expended as shown below:
Step Time (min) Laborer #1 Laborer #2 Air-Track Drill
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