Test Rules

Answer all questions. Please answer on separate sheets of paper.

Reference material. You may refer to one 8.5 x 11 inch page of notes, hand
written or printed on both sides that you bring with you. The exam will also
include a common formulas and facts document for you to refer to. You may not
refer to anything other than your 1 page notes sheet or material provided as part
of the exam.

Calculator use. You may use a programmable calculator or equivalent calculating

device (e.g. calculator functionality on a phone). You should limit the use of the
calculating device to the performance of calculations. You may use programs
that you have written to evaluate quantities commonly used in this class (e.g. well
equations).

If you are using your phone as a calculator you may not send emails or messages
or communicate in any way with anyone other than the instructor or moderator
regarding solutions to these questions. You may not use the internet capabilities
of the phone during the test.
 Flow to a Well in a Confined Aquifer

Radius of
influence, R

Drawdown s

Note that for steady

state flow in a confined
aquifer that the radius of
influence is an
approximate concept as
h goes to infinity as r
goes to infinity
ℎ − ℎ𝑤 𝑄 ln 𝑟Τ𝑟𝑤
𝑄 = 2𝜋𝐾𝑏 ℎ − ℎ𝑤 =
l n( 𝑟Τ𝑟𝑤 ሻ 2𝜋𝐾𝑏

From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

 Example 4.2.1
A well fully penetrates a 25 m thick confined aquifer. After a long period
of pumping at a constant rate of 0.05 m3/s, the drawdowns at distances
of 50 and 150 m from the well were observed to be 3 and 1.2 m
respectively. Determine the hydraulic conductivity and the
transmissivity. What type of unconsolidated deposit would you expect
this to be? If a contaminant enters the well 50 m away, how long will it
take to get to the pumping well.

𝑄 ln 𝑟2 Τ𝑟1
𝑠1 − 𝑠2 =
2𝜋𝐾𝑏

From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

 Range of values of Hydraulic Conductivity

From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

 Example 4.2.2
A 1 m diameter well penetrates vertically through a confined aquifer 30
m thick. When the well is pumped at 113 m3/hr, the drawdown in a well
15 m away is 1.8 m; in another well 50 m away, it is 0.5 m. What is the
approximate head in the pumped well for steady state conditions and
what is the approximate drawdown in the well? Also compute the
transmissivity of the aquifer and the radius of influence of the pumping
well. Take the initial piezometric level as 40 m above the datum

𝑄 ln 𝑟2 Τ𝑟1
𝑠1 − 𝑠2 =
2𝜋𝐾𝑏

From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

 Radial Flow to an Unconfined Aquifer

𝜋𝐾 ℎ22 − ℎ12
𝑄=
ln 𝑟2 /𝑟1

𝑄
ℎ22 − ℎ12 = ln 𝑟2 /𝑟1
𝜋𝐾

From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

 Example 4.2.3
A well penetrates an unconfined aquifer. Prior to pumping, the water
level (head) is ho = 25 m. After a long period of pumping at a constant
rate of 0.05 m3/s, the drawdowns at distances of 50 and 150 m from the
well were observed to be 3 and 1.2 m, respectively. Compute the
hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer and the radius of influence of the
pumping well. What type of deposit is the aquifer material.

𝜋𝐾 ℎ22 − ℎ12
𝑄=
ln 𝑟2 /𝑟1

𝑄
ℎ22 − ℎ12 = ln 𝑟2 /𝑟1
𝜋𝐾

From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

 Unconfined Aquifer with Uniform Recharge

𝑄
ℎ𝑜2 − ℎ2 = ln 𝑟𝑜 /𝑟
𝜋𝐾
𝑊 2
+ (𝑟 − 𝑟𝑜2 ሻ
2𝐾

From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

Example 4.2.5