EVOLUSI DAN PENGERTIAN

TEKNOLOGI

Jenis & Klasifikasi Teknologi

Tingkat Teknologi
TIPE TEKNOLOGI
 Materials Technology
 Production Technology
 Transportation Technology
 Testing Technology
 Processing Technology
 Machining Technology

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI
a. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam peralatan
b. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam produk
c. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam proses
d. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam operasi

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (1)
 New technology: new introducted or
implemented technology (explicit impact on
the way a company produces products or
provides services)
 Emerging technology: not yet fully
commercialed but will become so within
about five year
 High technology: refers to advanced or
sophisticated technologies
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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (2)
 Low technology: refers to technologies that
have permeated large segments of human
society
 Medium technology: refers to mature
technologies
 Appropriate technology: used to indicate a
good match between the technology utilized
and the resources required for its optimal use

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (3)
[BERDASARKAN UNSUR]
 Unsur: proses-proses teknis yang terdapat
secara khusus pada sesuatu bidang
 Lima Unsur Teknologi:
(1) Tecnology of energy conversion and utilization:
 Major types of energy useful to man
 Devices & techniques for the utilization of energy
 Devices for energy conversion
 Devices for energy concentration & control
 Devices for unlimited production of energy

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (4)
[BERDASARKAN UNSUR]
(2) Technology of tools & machines

 Hand tools
 Machines & machine components
 Machine tools: stationary power-driven
machines for shaping & forming parts made
of metal or other materials

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 KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (5)
[BERDASARKAN UNSUR]
(3) Technology of measurement, observation &
control

 Theory of measurement
 Units & standards of measurement
 Principles & processes by which instruments of measurement operate
 Common types of measuring instruments
 Special instrument & apparatus used in scientific research
 Major systems of measurement & observation
 Instrumentation & control systems

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (6)
[BERDASARKAN UNSUR]
(4) Technology involved in the extraction
& conversion of industrial raw materials

 The world’s physical & biological resources

 Technology of the extraction industries
 Primary conversion of raw materials

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (7)
[BERDASARKAN UNSUR]
(5) Technology of industrial production
processes

 Materials processing: the operations that are

used to transform industrial materials from a
raw-material state into finished parts or
products
 Metallurgy
 Materials handling in the production process
 Technology of packaging
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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (8)
[BERDASARKAN BIDANG]
 Bidang: berbagai kebutuhan manusia,
tujuan, barang & jasa yang mendatangkan
kemajuan teknologi

 Delapan bidang pokok teknologi:

(1) Construction technology

 General building construction
 Construction of civil engineering works
 Pre fabrication & shop fabrication

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (9)
[BERDASARKAN BIDANG]
(2) Technology of major industries

 Principles of organization of work & production

 Manufacturing industries
 The fabrication industries
 The process industries
 The construction industries
 The service industries
 The merchandising & marketing of consumer goods
 Industrial research & marketing of consumer goods
 Industrial research & development
 Technology of industrial safety

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (10)
[BERDASARKAN BIDANG]
(3) Technology of agriculture & food
production

 Technology of agriculture
 Crop farming, Flock & stock farming
 Technology of hunting & fishing
 Food processing, Food preservation
 Techniques for controlling the quality of food
 Food sources & new product development
 The history of agriculture

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (11)
[BERDASARKAN BIDANG]
(4) Transportation technology

 Roads & highways & their construction

 Vehicles & devices for transportation across country
& roads & highways
 Rail transportation
 Stationary conveyance systems
 Water transportation
 Air transportation
 Air - cushion machines

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (12)
[BERDASARKAN BIDANG]
(5) Technology of information processing & of
communications systems

 Communication & information theory

 Calculating devices, Office machines, Computers
 General information recording devices
 Sound recording & reproducing devices
 Information recording by the production of visual image: the
technology of photography
 Information processing
 Major systems of communication
 Major system of detection & remote sensing
 Electronic component & techniques used in communications

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (13)
[BERDASARKAN BIDANG]
(6) Technology of the urban community

 Basic engineering services of the city

 Technology of the basic social services of the
city
 Technological responses to new urban
problems
 History of city engineering
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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI (14)
[BERDASARKAN BIDANG]
(7) Military technology
 Offensive & defensive delivery & payload systems
 Logistic systems
 Purely defensive equipment & systems

(8) Technology of earth & space exploration

 Techniques & equipment of surface & underground
exploration
 Techniques & equipment of space exploration
 Techniques & equipment & space exploration

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TINGKAT TEKNOLOGI
 Parker (1982): 6 tingkat teknologi yang
berhubungan dengan pengembangan produk
baru.
 Tingkat 1: repetitive, simple & general (craftsmen)
 Tingkat 6: formulasi unambiguous highly
technological goals, new knowledge, complex
systems, sophisticated tools of measurement,
analysis of abstract thinking.
 Tingkat Teknologi: Kemampuan kontrol (9
tingkat).

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 TINGKAT TEKNOLOGI:
KEMAMPUAN KONTROL
Orders of Human attribute replaced Examples
Automation

A(0) None: Lever (pengungkit), screw Hand tools, manual machine

(skrup), pulley (katrol), wedge
(baji)
A(1) Energy: muscles replaced Powered machine and tools.
Whitney’s milling machine (giling)

A(2) Dexterity (tangkas) : self-feeding Single-cycle automatics

A(3) Diligence: no feedback Repeats cycle; open-loop machine

control; automatic screw machine;
transfer lines
A(4) Judgment: positional Closed loop; numerical control; self-
Feedback measuring and–adjusting
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 TINGKAT TEKNOLOGI:
KEMAMPUAN KONTROL
Orders of Human attribute replaced Examples
Automation

A(5) Evaluation: adaptive control deductive Computer control; model of

analysis: feedback from the process process required for analysis and
optimization
A(6) Learning: by experience Limited self-programming expert
systems

A(7) Reasoning: exhibits intuition; relates Inductive reasoning; AI

causes from effects

A(8) Creativeness: performs design unaided Originality

A(9) Dominance: supermachine; commands Machine is master (Halfrom”2001,

others A Space Odyssey

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TINGKAT TEKNOLOGI:
KEMAMPUAN KONTROL

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TINGKAT TEKNOLOGI:
KEMAMPUAN KONTROL

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