UNIVERSIDAD NACIONA DE LOJA

FACULTAD DE LA EDUCACIÓN, EL ARTE Y LA COMUNICACIÓN

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

REFERENCE AND
SENSE

Names: Maritza Zapata, Wilson Carriòn,

Yaritza Jimenez, Catalina Chimbo
Subject: Semantics
Teacher: Lcda. Karina Celi Mg. Sc.
 Ways of talking about the meaning of words and other expressions

 It deals with the relationships between language and the

Reference
world
 Speaker indicates which things in the world (including
persons) are being talked about.
 It is a relationship between parts of a language and things
outside the language (in the world).

Sense  It deals with relationships inside the language

 Ways of talking about the meaning of words and other expressions

 Its appear in normal everyday conversation never refer to

Case of
different things.
expressions
 In everyday discourse almost all of the fixing of reference
Reference in comes from the context in which expressions are used.
language

The Morning star

The Evening star

 The Sense of an expression is its place in a system of

Reference
to sense semantic relationships with other expressions in the
language

I almost/nearly fell over I I’ll see you on Monday/Friday

WORDS SENSES
A word sense is a particular meaning of a word

Senses of a word may be entirely different with no relations,

called homonyms

Examples:
Bank: money bank, river bank

Sense of word may be related called polysemes.

Examples:
Bank: financial institute, building of the financial institute,
storage blood(blood bank)
RELATION BETWEEN SENSE AND REFERENCE

 Reference Concrete
It can be proved by the thing in Examples
the real world and only one step to
prove it.

 Sense Abstract
It does no have a real object and we Have sense
No reference
have to imagine and compare to our Almost,
Almost,probabl
experience. probable,
e,and,if,above
and,if,above
Every expression that has
meaning has sense, but not every
expression has reference.
Both referring and uttering are acts performed by
particular speakers on particular occasions.
The study of sense demands, as you may have noticed, a degree
of idealization of the facts about meaning.
The idea of reference is relatively solid and easy to
SUMMARY
understand. The idea of sense is more elusive