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SOLID WASTE AND

LITTER
Environmental Planning and Policy

Jastine Mae F. Espinas


Master in Public Administration
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW?
What is Solid Waste and Litter?
Impacts
Solutions
What is Solid Waste?
 It is defined as:
“Non-liquid, non-soluble materials ranging from
municipal garbage to industrial wastes that contain
complex and sometimes hazardous substances.”
What is Solid Waste?

 Solid waste is a collective term used to distinguish


nonbiodegradable materials and discards that
come from sources like:
 Households
 Businesses and Commercial establishments
 Manufacturers or Industrial sites
 Biomedical sources like hospital and clinics.
Examples of solid wastes include the
following materials when discarded:
 waste tires
 septage
 scrap metal
 latex paints
 furniture
 toys
 garbage
 appliances and vehicles
 oil and antifreeze
 empty aerosol cans, paint cans and
 compressed gas cylinders
 construction and demolition debris,
 asbestos
Types of Solid Waste
Solid waste can be classified into different types
depending on their source:
a) Household waste is generally classified as
municipal waste,
b) Industrial waste as hazardous waste, and
c) Biomedical waste or hospital waste as
infectious waste.
What is Litter?
 Litter is waste in the wrong place.
 Litter can consist of anything from a tiny sweet
wrapper, or an empty sandwich box, to a
discarded mattress in a public park.
What is Litter?
 The majority of litter comes from people dropping it
intentionally or unintentionally, although some litter
comes from other sources, for example windblown
or natural litter.
 Litter includes synthetic materials, such as those
associated with smoking, eating and drinking, and
also materials that will eventually decay, such as
food waste and dog fouling.
IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE AND
LITTER
 Litter can be harmful to people, animals and
the natural environment, as it can threaten their
existence and evolution.
 The major impacts involve the danger to public
health, the risk of fire hazards, endangering, or
even killing wildlife, and the serious damage to
waterways.
IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE AND
LITTER
 Furthermore, litter directly
and indirectly affects the
tourist industry and our
quality of life. As a result of
this irresponsible pollution,
protecting the environment
from litter requires
significant resources, which
instead could have been
used for environmental
preservation or
development.
There are different categories of waste generated,
each take their own time to degenerate (as
illustrated in the table below).

The type of litter we generate and the approximate time it takes to


degenerate
Type of litter Approximate time it takes to
degenerate the litter
Organic waste such as vegetable and fruit a week or two.
peels, leftover foodstuff, etc.
Paper 10–30 days
Cotton cloth 2–5 months
Wood 10–15 years
Woolen items 1 year
Tin, aluminium, and other metal items such as cans 100–500 years
Plastic bags one million years
Glass bottles undetermined
Pollution in Philippines

Air Pollution 65.04 High


Drinking Water
Pollution and 48.93 Moderate
Inaccessibility
Dissatisfaction with
61.86 High
Garbage Disposal
Dirty and Untidy 62.64 High
Noise and Light
61.56 High
Pollution
Water Pollution 70.21 High
Dissatisfaction to
Spend Time in the 62.50 High
City
Dissatisfaction with
Green and Parks in 58.56 Moderate
the City

http://www.numbeo.com/pollution/country_result.jsp?country=Philippines
Purity and Cleanliness in Philippines
Air quality 34.96 Low
Drinking Water
Quality and 51.07 Moderate
Accessibility
Garbage Disposal
38.14 Low
Satisfaction
Clean and Tidy 37.36 Low
Quiet and No
Problem with Night 38.44 Low
Lights
Water Quality 29.79 Low
Comfortable to
Spend Time in the 37.50 Low
City
Quality of Green
41.44 Moderate
and Parks

http://www.numbeo.com/pollution/country_result.jsp?country=Philippines
By City in the Philippines
Rank City Pollution Index Exp Pollution Index
1 Manila 96.08 174.57
2 Iloilo 75.17 132.04
3 Cebu 72.40 126.93
4 Makati 71.26 125.67
5 Davao 68.17 118.20

http://www.numbeo.com/pollution/country_result.jsp?country=Philippines
SOLUTION
Solid Waste Management
 Management of solid waste reduces or eliminates
adverse impacts on the environment and human health
and supports economic development and improved
quality of life. A number of processes are involved in
effectively managing waste for a municipality. These
include monitoring, collection, transport, processing,
recycling and disposal.
SOLUTION
 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
 Waste Collection
 Treatment Disposal
 Thermal Treatment
 Dumps and Landfills
 Biological Waste Treatment
 Composting
 Anaerobic Digestion
References:
 http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8732.html
 http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/waste-
management/solid-waste-management-types-
sources-effects-and-methods-of-solid-waste-
management/9949/
 http://www.cyen.org/innovaeditor/assets/Solid%2
0waste%20management.pdf
 http://www.brighthub.com/environment/science-
environmental/articles/92943.aspx

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