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1
The transluminal quantum:
a new unifying concept for a photon
and an electron
A transluminal quantum
* is a helically moving point-like object having a
frequency and a wavelength, and carrying energy
and momentum.
* can pass through the speed of light.
* can generate a photon or an electron depending
on whether the quantum’s helical trajectory is open
or closed.
2
Photon and Electron Models
• 1. Superluminal quantum model of the photon — An
uncharged superluminal quantum moves in an open
helical trajectory of radius R / 2 .
3
Photon and Electron Models
(continued)
i mc 0
10
Red trajectory: quantum is superluminal. Blue trajectory: quantum is subluminal.
Transluminal Quantum Model
of the Electron
12
Transluminal Quantum Model
of the Electron
Equations of the transluminal quantum’s trajectory
- a closed, double-looped helix
1 mc 2
R0 =1.9 10-13m 0 7.9 1020 / sec
2 mc
13
Parameters of the Electron Model
16
Electron Quantum’s Trajectory:
Distance and Time Ratios
17
18
19
Dirac Equation’s
“Jittery Motion” Properties
of the Electron Model
1. Zitterbewegung speed of electron (eigenvalue of Dirac equation for free electron):
vzitt c
Longitudinal component of speed of electron’s quantum along circular axis.
vlongitudinal c
2. Zitterbewegung angular frequency:
zitt 2 mc 2
/
Electron model angular frequency in x-y plane
20 1.6 10 21
/ sec
xy 20
3. Zitterbewegung amplitude:
Rzitt 1
2 / mc R0 1.9 1013 m
Root mean square size of electron quantum’s trajectory:
5. Magnetic moment M z e / 2m
Points 4 and 5 lead to Dirac Gyromagnetic ratio g2
c2
• Which means that mc may be the electron’s
inertia or ‘momentum at rest’ within the electron.
23
Testing the Electron Model
• Scattering Data: The model predicts 1) spin-up and spin-
down and 2) a helical left or right handedness for the
electron and the positron corresponding to left or right
circularly polarized photons.
– Therefore, left and right-handed gamma photons may
sometimes scatter differently from electrons and
correspondingly differently from positrons.