Introduction

SRI RAMAKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COIMBATORE-10.
(An Autonomous Institution)
AICTE-ISTE Sponsored Refresher program on

Smart Buildings
INTRODUCTION
to
SMART BUILDINGS
Dr.R.N.Uma
Head of the Department
Department of Civil Engineering
1
How to define smart building???
• A smart building is any structure that uses automated
processes to automatically control the building’s operations
including heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting,
security and other systems.
Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

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Department of Civil Engineering SRIT
In other Words,
“A building with its infrastructure providing the owner,
operator and occupant with an environment that is flexible, effective,
comfortable and secure through the use of integrated technological
building systems, communications and controls.” Therefore, it is also
known as
- Intelligent Building
- Smarter Building
- High Performance Building

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Evolution of Smart Building Concept
To begin with, the intelligent building concept has been defined by

organisations such as:
• The Intelligent Building Institute Foundation (IBI) in 1989,
• The European Intelligent Buildings Group (EIBG) in 1998,
• The Smart Homes Foundation.
This concept highlights :

- the integration of all kinds of building systems, services and controls,
- the importance of techno-economics,
- the needs of the owners and end-users.

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Role of Technology in Smart
Buildings
Present Technology Future Technology
• Phones and intercoms • Home networking
• Home automation • Internet appliances
• Audio distribution (e.g. hi-fi speaker) • Webcam
• Video distribution (e.g. TV) • Web phones
• Video surveillance (e.g. security) • e-books
• Structured wiring • Video walls
• Home theater and game station • Home office
• Virtual clinic/hospital
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Smart Home

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Smart Building

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Objectives of Smart Building
• Energy management
• Indoor Comfort
-Thermal comfort
-Visual Comfort
-Indoor air quality

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An intelligent building is one that provides a comfortable and productive
environment to the occupants through automated control systems such
as
• Heating, ventilation, air-conditions (HVAC)
• Fire safety
• Security
• Energy/lighting management.
Thus, it is the one that integrates telecommunications and control

services through one structured cabling network and management
system that meets current and future technologies, and building/user
demands.
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Smart Index
There are nine quality environment modules:

 Environmental friendliness
 Life cycle costing
 Comfort
 Safety
 Working efficiency
 Image of high technology
 Culture
 Construction process
 structure

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Some of the benefits
 "Design for All" concept
 Boon for the disabled.
 Scalability
 Scaled according to stakeholder(usually the occupant)
 Workspace management
 Ergonomics etc…

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Creation of a Smart Building
• Making a smart building, or making a building smart, begins
by linking core systems such as lighting, power meters,
water meters, pumps, heating, fire alarms and chiller plants
with sensors and control systems.
• At a more advanced stage, even elevators, access systems

and shading can become part of the system.
• There is no single set of standards that makes up what a

smart building is, but what they all have in common is
integration.
• Many new building have “smart” technology, and are

connected and responsive to a smart power grid.

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One of the best Airports in India

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The benefits
• Creating or transforming a building into a smart building
is beneficial for both the owner and the organizations
working within.
• These benefits range from energy savings to

productivity gains to sustainability.
• Smart building strategies can reduce

-Energy costs,
-Increase the productivity of the facility staff,
-Improve building operations,
-Support sustainability efforts and
-Enhance decision-making across the organization.

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• Thus, Smart buildings make liberal use of technology
• Especially, a mesh of sensors, connectivity and IoT

devices – to create a potentially better workplace
• Finally to a one that is conducive to customization,

flexibility and sustainability.

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Analysis of Intelligent Buildings over Ordinary Buildings
Intelligent building adjusts the inside functional Ordinary building there will be different room
aspects such as Lighting, ventilation, air conditions depending on the changes in the
conditioning, etc. automatically with the changes
in environmental conditions controlled by environmental conditions.
computer.
While planning an intelligent building, a Building

But in case of ordinary building, a Building service
service engineer, an Architect & Hardware
Engineer is required. engineer and an Architect is enough.

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The development cost
In an Intelligent
of an Intelligent
Building, the security
Building is 8 - 10%
system, The cost of
higher than that of an
communication construction of
ordinary building. But
system, etc. are Intelligent Building is
this can be justified
coordinated and very high compared
by the resulting
automatically to an ordinary
energy saving, which
controlled by building.
is only 25 – 35% of
computer work
energy required by
station.
normal building.

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Worlds Best Smart Buildings
The Green: The Edge, Deloitte, Amsterdam
•Employees don’t have assigned desks or
parking spaces at The Edge.
• Instead, the building uses number plate

recognition to allocate them a parking
space when they arrive.
•And, because it’s connected to their

profile and calendar, it assigns them an
appropriate workspace based on their
schedule and tasks.
•Flexibility runs through the veins of The

Edge’s architecture; the building reacts to
members as they move around it,
adjusting the microclimate to their
preferences.
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The People Pleaser: Capital Tower, Singapore

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• Capital Tower was one of the first smart buildings built.
• It has a fully integrated intelligent building management system

(IBMS) that aims to please its occupants at every juncture.
• Intelligent features include high-speed lifts with live news and stock
market updates and a state-of-the-art car park guidance system.
• From low emissivity glass windows, to variable air volume boxes for
optimal indoor air quality, Capital Tower's designers wanted to
enhance occupant experience whilst maintaining an
efficient, sustainable and eco-friendly property.
• The building is designed to facilitate connections and collaboration

among the occupants.

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The Comfortable: Glumac, Los Angeles, CA
• Occupying the 23rd floor of the Aon Center, Glumac's Los
Angeles office puts occupant comfort and productivity at the
centre of its green initiatives.
• It is the first Net Zero Tenant Improvement Living Building

Challenge registered project in the United States.
• The building has a heat recovery retrofit, which recycles and

redistributes the existing environment, as well as chilled sails
for efficient climate control.
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• It makes use of natural daylight with large windows and an
open-plan design, fostering a collaborative and connected
workspace.
• Each occupant is able to control their micro environment

through a smart app
• Therefore, it places an emphasis on improving occupant

comfort, reducing energy consumption, and increasing
productivity.

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The Clean: Glumac, Shanghai, China
• It is one of the most sustainable office spaces in China,

Glumac, Shanghai is the epitome of a greener future for the
continent.
• The building lets employees monitor the toxicity of indoor

and outdoor air via a mobile app.
• And with air purification systems and greenery laced into

the wall space, it's far away from the often highly-polluted
environment outside of the building.
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Scenario in India
• The need for Intelligent Buildings in India rose with the
emergence of the IT sector.
• Since IT firms need uninterrupted working environment for 365

days a year, kind of round the clock monitoring was necessary.
• Techno-campus of Cognizant Technology Solutions,

Thoraipakkam, Chennai on old Mamallapuram road is one of the
Intelligent buildings in India.
• It took 14 months to evolve a fully integrated design plan and

arrive at the IBMS solution that covers security, safety and
automation, and
• Since January 2004 the concept has been functional in the

400,000-sqft complex.
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Some of the features of the IBMS at Cognizant
• Smoke detection systems
• Bio metric finger scanning systems
• F3 CCTV cameras
• Contro1 of HVAC
• Contro1 of water 1eve1s in overhead tanks
• Automatic 1ighting contro1

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James Law Cybertecture International
commissioned by Vijay Associates, Mumbai , India

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Features of James Law Cybertecture
• Cybertecture integrates technology, multimedia, intelligent
systems and user interactivity to create customizable living
and working spaces that focus on experience.
• The Cybertecture Egg takes this principal working theme a

step further with ‘cybertecture health’ – interactive features
that monitor occupant’s vital health statistics, like blood
pressure and weight.
• In keeping with the focus on health and wellness, users can

customize their views with real time virtual scenery.

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• The oblong office building incorporates passive solar design to
decrease heat gain and lower energy loads.
• An elevated garden also moderates temperatures by using natural

vegetation to assist with cooling the building envelope.
• The Cybertecture Egg will use solar photovoltaic panels and

rooftop wind turbines to generate onsite electricity.
• Water conservation will be managed with a greywater recycling

system that will harvest water for irrigation and landscaping.

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TIDAL PARK, Chennai

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GATEWAY TOWER, GURGAON

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Functions of Smart Buildings
• Sensing
- Energy usage sensing, occupancy sensing
• Spatial and Temporal usage within building
• Monitoring
• Analytics
- Learn usage patterns
- Detect changes, Anomalies
- Identify waste, opportunities for conservation
• Control & Feedback
- Actionable recommendation to users
- Incorporation of user feedback

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Sensing Technologies
• Electricity usage
-Meter-level, outlet-level, zone-based sensors
• HVAC
-Temperature sensors
-Airflow sensors
• Water sensors
-Flow-level, Outlet level
• Gas sensors
• Occupancy sensors
• Motion ultrasound, infrared, swipe card, video
• soft sensors: calendar info, wifi

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• From all these examples, we can understand,
- how the Intelligent buildings are laying the foundation
for a future of smart cities, where centralised data
systems provide continuous analytical insights that
enable us to improve and control occupant comfort,
energy efficiency and sustainability.

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How Smart buildings enable smart people???

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Benefits from an Intelligent
Building
Tenant Owner
• Usually can receive a higher rental
• Good control of internal climate value
conditions • Adaptability on change of building use
• Possibility of individual room control • Individual tenant billing for utilities
across the entire building can make leases easier to negotiate
• Improved interior reliability and life and enforce
(office plants and equipment) • Central/remote control and
• Effective response to HVAC‐related monitoring of building
complaints due to monitoring • Increased level of comfort and time
• Easy maintenance saving
• Ease of information if any problems
arise
• Computerized maintenance that can
be scheduled
• Early detection of problems
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• The Internet of Things refers to the ever-growing network of physical
objects that feature an IP address for internet connectivity,
• Also the communication that occurs between these objects and other
Internet-enabled devices and systems.
• In other words, the Internet of things (IoT) is the inter-networking of

physical devices, vehicles (also referred to as "connected devices" and
"smart devices"), buildings, and other items—embedded with electronics,
software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these
objects to collect and exchange data.
• In a nutshell, the Internet of Things is the concept of connecting any

device (so long as it has an on/off switch) to the Internet and to other
connected devices.

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How does IoT work???
• Devices and objects with built in sensors are connected to
an Internet of Things platform.
• It integrates data from the different devices and applies

analytics to share the most valuable information with
applications built to address specific needs.
• These powerful IoT platforms can pinpoint exactly what

information is useful and what can safely be ignored.
• This information can be used to detect patterns, make

recommendations, and detect possible problems before
they occur.
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Scenario of IoT in a Building
• Imagine a person wakes up at 7am every day to go to work. His alarm
clock does the job of waking him just fine. That is, until something goes
wrong.
• Train’s cancelled and also have to drive to work instead. The only problem
is that it takes longer to drive, and would have needed to get up at
6.45am to avoid being late.
• A connected or IoT-enabled alarm clock would reset itself based on all

these factors, to ensure to go to work on time.
• It could recognize that the usual train is cancelled,

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Contd…
• Calculate the driving distance and travel time for the alternative route to
work,
• Check the weather and factor in slower travelling speed because of heavy
rain, and
• Calculate when it needs to wake up without being late.
• If its super-smart, it might even sync with the IoT-enabled coffee maker, to
ensure morning caffeine’s ready to go when a person gets up.

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• Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is advancing a new breed of smart
buildings that are better aligned with the priorities of property owners
and managers.
• IoT enables operational systems that deliver more accurate and useful
information for improving operations and providing the best experiences
for tenants.
• IoT is seen as an important tool that will ultimately improve the efficiency
of building automation systems (BASs) and change the dynamics of
facilities management.

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Future Technologies: Structural Monitoring
• The Structural building is critical in terms of structural integrity,

energy management, maintenance, operations and security.
• Most monitoring of a building’s envelope or structure is done

through periodic manual inspections.
• However, increased deployment of automated monitoring of

building envelopes, especially for new high rise and skyscrapers in
large urban areas will be seen in years to come.
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However, these automated systems will monitor
• Moisture
• Air Leakage
• Structural displacement and loads
• Seismic monitoring
These systems will also monitor doors and windows and adjust
the systems of the building as needed.

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Innovations in Smart Buildings

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Conclusion
The intelligent building is clearly the building of the future.
The goal of having an intelligent building only starts with early

planning in the design stage.
In many ways, this mirrors the design and fulfillment of many

green or LEED projects today, but it uses technology to provide for
a superior space.
IoT and Analytics for Smart Buildings has created opportunities for
more efficient and more profitable operation of a building

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 Also provides adaptation to growing market and communication
globalization
 Improve worker satisfaction and productivity
 Enhance flexibility and management capabilities
 Reduces energy consumption needs
 Lead to positive Cost to Benefit
 Increased user satisfaction
 As an overall acts as a potential future savings over the projected life

cycle of the building

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SRI RAMAKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

AICTE-ISTE Sponsored Refresher program on

• A smart building is any structure that uses automated

processes to automatically control the building’s operations

including heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting,

security and other systems.

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

“A building with its infrastructure providing the owner,

operator and occupant with an environment that is flexible, effective,

comfortable and secure through the use of integrated technological

building systems, communications and controls.” Therefore, it is also

- High Performance Building

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

To begin with, the intelligent building concept has been defined by

This concept highlights :

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

-Indoor air quality

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

Thus, it is the one that integrates telecommunications and control

There are nine quality environment modules:

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

 "Design for All" concept

 Boon for the disabled.

 Scaled according to stakeholder(usually the occupant)

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

• At a more advanced stage, even elevators, access systems

• There is no single set of standards that makes up what a

• Many new building have “smart” technology, and are

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

• These benefits range from energy savings to

• Smart building strategies can reduce

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

• Especially, a mesh of sensors, connectivity and IoT

• Finally to a one that is conducive to customization,

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

While planning an intelligent building, a Building

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

• Instead, the building uses number plate

•And, because it’s connected to their

•Flexibility runs through the veins of The

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

• It has a fully integrated intelligent building management system

• The building is designed to facilitate connections and collaboration

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

• It is the first Net Zero Tenant Improvement Living Building

• The building has a heat recovery retrofit, which recycles and

• Each occupant is able to control their micro environment

• Therefore, it places an emphasis on improving occupant

Dr.R.N.Uma Professor & Head

• It is one of the most sustainable office spaces in China,

• The building lets employees monitor the toxicity of indoor

• And with air purification systems and greenery laced into

• Since IT firms need uninterrupted working environment for 365

• Techno-campus of Cognizant Technology Solutions,

• It took 14 months to evolve a fully integrated design plan and

• Since January 2004 the concept has been functional in the

• Bio metric finger scanning systems

• Contro1 of water 1eve1s in overhead tanks

• Automatic 1ighting contro1