CHAPTER 1: Cloud Computing Fundamentals

 TOPICS 1: Definition and Demystification

 TOPICS 2: Underlying technologies
 TOPICS 3: Cloud service and deployment model
 TOPICS 4: Cloud and green computing
Definition and Demystification
Google cloud data centre

Google services running in

Google cloud
“cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient,
on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction.”

 Source: National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST)

On-demand self-service.

• A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage,
as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider.

Broad network access

•Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use
by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).

Resource pooling

•The provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model,
with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer
demand.

Rapid elasticity.

•Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly
outward and inward commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the capabilities available for
provisioning often appear unlimited and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time.

Measured service.

•Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at
some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and
active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing
transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
 Software platforms and
components for
• On-demand self service
Cloud • Broad network access
The essential
Computing • Resource pooling
‘ingredients’
• Rapid elasticity
• Measured services
Underlying Technologies
 Virtualization
Access control
Workflow customization
User interface customization
Resource
Cloud management On-demand pooling
platform (Azure etc) self service (multitenancy)

Cloud
Characteristics Resource monitoring
Usage metering model

Broad network Measured

High Speed Network access services
protocol, routing and Rapid
security elasticity Resource scheduling
Resource monitoring
Resource provisioning
Cloud service and deployment model
 Physical hardware (storage, servers and network) are offered as a service.
 Virtualization technology is used to pool physical resources together based on
users demand.
 Elasticity is limited to physical hardware.
 Operating system may or may not be part of the service.
 Examples:
 Software platform offer as a service and deployed on virtual resources
 Different types of platform is on offer depending on users requirements
(OS, DBMS, development platform, ERP, etc.)
 Elasticity covers physical resources and platform license
 Examples:
 Software and applications offered to the users for free or with payment.
 Software and applications deployed on virtual resources.
 Software and applications running on top of software platform.
Cloud and green computing
 Cloud computing promotes efficiency which leads to greener operation
 Resource virtualization, enabling energy and resource efficiencies.
 Resource sharing leads to lower number of resources to run the same number of jobs.
 Lower number of resources means less electricity.

 Automation software, maximizing consolidation and utilization to drive efficiencies.

 Maximizing resource utilization allow more jobs to be executed in less resources.

 Pay-per-use and self-service, encouraging more efficient behaviour and life-cycle

management.
 The utilization of resources can be controlled. Resources for jobs that finish early can be released for other users
to use.
 Multitenancy, delivering efficiencies of scale to benefit many organizations or business
units.
 Resources are shared by multiple applications used by different organizations and units.