FIRE SAFETY SYSTEM

Engr. Musfiqul Azad

Assistant Manager
Dept. of Fire and Mechanical Engineering
Prokausholee Bangladesh

1
 Fire
EACH OF THESE THREE ELEMENTS MUST BE PRESENT
AT T H E S A M E T I M E TO H AV E A F I R E . A F I R E W I L L
BURN UNTIL ONE OR MORE OF THE ELEMENTS IS
REMOVED.

Fuel
Any combustible material – solid, liquid or gas

Heat
Oxygen
The energy necessary to
The air we breathe is increase the temperature of
about 21% oxygen – fuel to where sufficient
fire needs only vapors are given off for
16% oxygen ignition to occur

2
FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

3
 FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS

Main components of a fire alarm system

Detection Control Notification

Input Process Output

4
 FIRE ALARM PRINCIPLE

 A LIFE SAFETY principle that provides Early Warning to building occupants when the
fire is in its incipient or early stage.
Input FACP Output

Signal & Detection Output & Notification

5
 DETECTOR CATEGORIES

 Fire Detection Devices (Input / Initiation Devices)

Devices which detect fire/smoke …e.g: heat detectors, smoke
detectors, flame detectors, manual call points….etc.

 Fire Alarm Devices (Output / Notification Devices)

Devices which alert people of the fire condition…e.g: sounders,
voice alarms, strobes…etc

 Fire Circuit Devices (Line Units)

Devices with electrical functions related directly to the
detection/alarm circuit, e.g: sort circuit isolators, input output line
units.

6
 FIRE DETECTION DEVICES

Heat detection
I. Fixed Temperature
II. Rate of Rise
III. Linear heat detection

Smoke detection
I. Aspiration detectors
II. Beam - light obscuration
III. Ionization
IV. Video Smoke Detection
V. Optical - light scatter
Other types of detection
I. Flame
II. Gas or CO detection
III. Multi-sensor fire detectors Combination of Optical, Heat &
CO sensors

7
 ORDER OF RESPONSE

1. Aspirating Detectors 3. Flame Detector

2. Spot Type Smoke Detectors 4. Heat Detector

Time
Smoke Sensitivity

1 2 3 4

Incipient Stage Visible Smoke Flaming Fire Intense Heat

7
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

9
 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
• A combination of LIFE SAFETY & PROPERTY SAFETY that comprises of Detection and
Suppression, operates automatically without or with human intervention.

10
 PRINCIPLE OF A FIRE SUPPRESSION

 A total flooding system that extinguishes fire by reducing OXYGEN level or inhibits
CHEMICAL REACTION in an enclosure/room using Inert or Clean Agent gases.
 The system composes of Alarm Detection Devices, Agent/Gas cylinder, Mechanical piping
and Solenoid actuator device.

Fire Triangle Principle:

“Eliminating one of its elements will extinguish fire”
11
RISING MAIN AND HOSE REEL SYSTEMS

Type of Rising Main:

 Dry rising main shall be installed in buildings under

purpose group IV, V, VII where the habitable height is
more than 10m, but does not exceed 60m,
 Wet rising main shall be installed in buildings with
habitable height exceeding 60m,
 Separate dry and wet rising main system in a building may
be permitted by the Relevant Authority.

12
 TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

■ Wet Sprinkler System

■ Dry Sprinkler System
■ Deluge Sprinkler System
■ Pre-Action Sprinkler System

13
COMPONENTS OF A SPRINKLER SYSTEM

■ Underground brings water from the City Mains to your building

Water is then sent through a backflow
■ All Systems usually require an FDC or Fire Department Connection
to increase the water pressure during a fire enters either the fire
pump where it is pumped to a certain pressure, or is released into
the Riser
■ Risers “rise” vertically through the floors to feed the Branch Lines

■ Branch Lines then extend off the Risers and Mains horizontally
to bring water to all the sprinkler heads.

14
DIAGRAM

15
 TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS

■ Pendants
■ Uprights
■ Sidewalls
■ Special Coverage

16
 FIRE SPRINKLER COLORS

■ 135-170 degrees = Red

■ 175-225 degrees = Green
■ 250-300 degrees = Blue
■ 325-375 degrees = Purple
■ 400-650 degrees = BLACK

17
 FACTS ABOUT SPRINKLERS

■ Recognized as the single most effective method of controlling fires

■ Chances of accidental discharge are remote
■ Installation cost is about 1% of the building cost ( Same as cost of
new carpeting in a structure)
■ Over 200 communities have residential fire sprinkler laws
■ Records show that no more then 2 people have died in a fire where there
was sprinklers
■ Damage in structures was 78% less then that of structures with no
sprinklers
■ In Fresno California damage combined during a 10 year period was
only $42,000 where residential sprinkler laws were in effect

18
DIESEL FIRE PUMP ENGINES
 FIRE PUMP

 Constant (Variable) Speed Engines

 PLD Variable Speed Engines
 Electronic ECM (ECU) Engines
 Electrical Components
 Operating Environment
 Design Parameters
 Testing & Evaluation
 Installation Considerations

20
U.L. LISTEES FOR CONTACTOS

21
 DIESEL DRIVER & FUEL SWITCH & ENGINE GAGE
PANEL
MCS 4817 Low Fuel Switch

Caterpillar Fire Pump Engine Typical

Engine Gage
Panel
22
 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
• Environmental Conditions: Indoor, Outdoor, Temperature (High & Low)
• Cooling
• Heating
• Combustion Air
• Horsepower De-rated for:
• Altitude
• Higher Ambient Temperature

23
LIFE SAFETY

24
 LIFE SAFETY

• High-rise building: More then 20 m (65 ft) .

• Use and Occupancy: Occupancy G, H, J, K and Mixed.
• Accessory occupancies: when do not exceed 10 percent of the building
area of the story
• Separation of accessory occupancies:
• Daycare: Ground floor, maximum travel distance of 9 m (30 ft) or
located one story above the level of exit discharge where direct access to
an exit enclosure is provided
• Boiler or furnace rooms : Separated from other occupancies by a
minimum 1 hour construction or minimum spatial separation of 3 m (10
ft) where located exterior to the building.
• Generators: Minimum 2 hour construction or spatial separation of 3 m
(10 ft). Fuel tanks maximum 2500 L (660 gal) when located in a building
25
 LIFE SAFETY

• Oil Filled Transformers: 2 hour fire resistive rated construction or spatial separation of 3 m
(10 ft) where located exterior to the building
• Storage: 1 hour construction.
• Miscellaneous storage: Does not exceed 2.45 m (8 ft.) in height, accessory to other
occupancies , does not exceed 23 m2 (250 ft2 ) in any one area and is separated by a
minimum 3.0 m (10ft) from other storage areas.
• Construction of new non-high-rise factories containing G and/or H2 occupancies
(factories) shall be Type 1 or Type 2 construction as required in BNBC Part 2 Table 3.2.4.
• Existing buildings greater than 2 stories with nonrated construction shall not exceed 2000
m2 (22,000 sq. ft.) per floor unless automatic sprinkler protection is provided throughout.
• Automatic sprinkler system: occupiable floor greater than 23 m (75 ft) above the finished
grade.

26
LIFE SAFETY

27
 LIFE SAFETY

• Length Of Travel From Exit:

• Occupancy: A, B, C, D, E, J - 25m
• Occupancy: F, H- 30m
• Occupancy: G- 45m
• Otherwise: Up to 60 m (200 ft) where a complete automatic fire detection
system, portable fire extinguishers, and standpipe system are provided or up to
122 m (400 ft) where a complete automatic sprinkler system, automatic fire
alarm system, and portable fire extinguishers are provided
• Common Path of Travel: Shall not exceed 23 m (75 ft), For automatic sprinkled
building shall not exceed 30 m (100 ft). For Group H (storage) occupancies with
not more than 30 occupants shall not exceed 30 m (100 ft). For Group J (high
hazard) occupancies shall not exceed 8 m (25 ft)

28
 LIFE SAFETY

• Dead End Corridor. Dead end corridors shall not exceed that provided in Given Table
Below

• EXIT SIGN: not less than 50 lux at the illuminated surface with a contrast of not less than
0.5. Self-luminous minimum luminance of 0.2cd/m2 may also be used. The means of egress
paths shall be illuminated at all times the building is occupied,10 lux for all corridors, exit
doors, and stairways. Aisles shall be provided with a minimum 2.5 lux.

29
Thank You

30