DENTURE

LINING
MATERIAL
Dr Thulfiqar
Dental Material
Block 4
 CONTENT
1) Introduction Denture
Lining Materials
2) Hard reline material 4) Temporary soft lining
i. Composition material
ii. Manipulation i. Indication
iii. Critism ii. Consequences
3) Tissue conditioner
i. Composition 5) Permanent soft lining
ii. Manipulation material
iii. Requirement i. Requirement
iv. Properties ii. Properties
v. Application iii. Materials
 INTRODUCTION
• Denture lining materials are of several types and are
used for variety of reasons
• Occasionally, if the fitting surface of an acrylic denture
needs replacement in order to improve the fit of the
denture
• There are 2 option:
1) Whole denture base replaced with fresh heat
curing acrylic resin
2) A lining of a self resin may applied to fitting
surface of existing base
• Sometimes, it is necessary to apply a very soft material
 to fit the denture in order to act as a cushion
which enable traumatized soft tissue to recover
before recording an impression for a new denture
 to tolerate a hard denture base (for some pt)
 to provide with permanent soft cushion on fitting
surface of the denture
• The materials which satisfy the various requirements
listed in the above mentioned slides can be classified
into 3 groups:
i. Hard reline materials
ii. Tissue conditioners
iii. Soft lining materials
 HARD RELINE MATERIALS
These are the used to provide a chairside reline to the denture. It
should be distinguished from lab relining or rebasing technique
Composition
• The materials are generally supplied as a powder and
a liquid which are mixed together
• Powder consist of:
 Polymer beads (PMMA)
 Initiator (benzoyl peroxide)
 Pigments (inorganic salts)
• Liquid consist of:
 Monomer (MMA or butylmethacrylate)
 Plasticizer (Di-a-butylpthalate)
 Chemical initiator (tertiary amine)
Manipulation
• The normal procedure is to relieve the fitting surface
of the denture by grinding away some of the hard
acrylic denture base
• The reline procedure must be taken using “close
mouth technique” in which the patient’s denture or
dentures are inserted into the mouth and the patient
is then asked to close into gentle contact
• Setting may be accelerated by placing the denture in
a warm water or using combination of warm water
and pressure in a pressure vessel
• Material is not allowed to remain inside patient’s
mouth through out the setting since the exothermic
heat of reaction may cause an unbearably high
temperature rise
Powder + liquid (mixed according to
the recommended proportions to give
a fluid mix of the material)

Applied to fitting surface of the denture

(seated in mouth while in fluid state)

The reline materials soon become

rubbery and the impression of the
patient’s soft tissue is recorded

The denture is then removed from the

mouth and allowed to bench cure

The relined denture is ready for

trimming and polishing in 30 minutes
Criticism
• The criticism to the use of direct reline materials is that
the dentist has little control over the thickness of
the lining achieved and therefore over the “height” of
the denture
• A reline to the fitting surface is usually undertaken to
improve denture stability / retention, not to correct
an occlusal error nor to modify the vertical
relationship between the dentures
• The cushion of relining material can result in a marked
increase in thickness of the denture base and
infringement of the freeway space that is normally
present between the dentures with the jaws at rest
• Further more, there is no guarantee, even when
using a close mouth technique that an antero-
posterior positional error or lateral cant is not
produced during this procedure, either as a result of
poor operator technique or a grater bulk of lining
material on one side of the mouth compared with
the other
• A final problem is an increase in thickness of the
palate of an upper denture using this technique
which patients often find unacceptable.
 TISSUE CONDITIONER

• Tissue conditioners are soft liners which may be

applied to the fitting surface of a denture
• They are used to provide temporary cushion which
prevent masticatory loads from being transferred to
the underlying hard & soft tissues
• These materials should undergo a degree of plastic
flow for 24-36 hours after mixing to allow for soft
tissue changes once trauma has been remove and to
capture the shape of the supporting tissues in function
as opposed to a static or unloaded relationship
Composition
• The materials are normally supplied as powder & liquid
component which are mixed together
• Powder consist of PMMA (no initiator)
• Liquid consist of:
 Solvent (ethyl alcohol – 7.5 to 40%)
 Plasticizer (butylphthalate, butylglycolate 60-80%)
 Does not contain acrylic monomer
• The gelation time is related to the molecular weight
and particle size of polymer powder, the ethanol
content (alcohol) and the plasticizer used.
• The viscoelastic properties are influence by the
molecular weight of polymer powder and the
powder/liquid ratio
• When the powder + liquid are mixed together, a
purely physical process occur.
 The solvent dissolve the smaller beads and the
large beads become swollen with solvent which
acts as a carrier for plasticizer.
 The final “set” material is gel-like, with swollen,
plasticized spheres being cemented together with
a matrix which is a saturated solution of polymer
in a solvent / plasticizer mixture
• The “softness” of the set material is a function of the
use of a higher methacrylate, coupled with
considerable quantities of plasticizers and solvent
Manipulation
• Tissue conditioners are used in chairside techniques in
which the freshly mixed material is applied to the
fitting surface of the denture
• The denture is then seated in the patient’s mouth
whilst the conditioner is still in a fluid state, in order to
obtain an impression of the soft tissues
This stage is important, since the aim is to form a
cushion of reasonable thickness so that it will be
effective, but not to increase the height of the
denture unduly compared to the unlined denture
 • It is normal practice to inspect the denture and the
patient’s soft tissue after 2-3 days to ascertain
whether the tissue conditioning has been
successful or, alternatively, whether an adequate
functional impression has been obtained.

Tissue conditioners – soft elastomers used Denture stomatitis

to treat irritated denture supporting mucosa
Requirement
1) Tissue conditioners should remain soft during use in
order to maintain adequate cushioning effect on the
underlying soft tissues
2) The material should be resilient under; so that the
masticatory loads are absorbed without causing
permanent deformation of the lining
3) A degree of permanent deformation under load is
required when the material are being used to obtain a
functional impression. This enables the impression of
the soft tissues to be altered during normal functions.
Properties
1) Very soft elastomers
2) Easily deformed
3) Slump under their own weight
4) They show a weight loss of from 4.9 to 9.3% after 24
hours as a result of the loss of alcohol
5) Stiffer – after alcohol loss
6) *Viscoelastic & elastic – cushions the cyclic forces of
mastication & bruxism
7) *Viscous behaviour – allow adaptation to the irritated
denture bearing mucosa over a period of several days

*properties that make tissue conditioner effective

Application
• When soft tissue have become traumatized due to
wearing an ill-fitting denture, the dentist would like the
tissue to recover before recording impressions for
new dentures
• Tissue conditioner are often applied to the dentures of
patients whom have undergone surgery or post teeth-
extraction. This reduce pain and helps prevent
traumatization of the wound
• They are also useful when a tooth or teeth are being
added to a denture as an immediate procedure (very
shortly after extraction)
• Tissue conditioner can be used as functional
impression materials.
• A layer of tissue conditioner in the fitting surface
of the denture enables a functional impression to
be obtained over a period of a few days
In short (conclusion)
• Tissue conditioners are soft elastomers used to treat an
irritated mucosa supporting a denture
• They are mixed at chair-side, placed in the denture, and
seated in the patient’s mouth
• These materials will conform to the anatomy of the
residual ridge, gel in that position, and continue to flow
slowly after application
• They are used only for short term application and
should be replaced every 3-5 days
• Inhibition of the growth of oral bacterial flora is
associated with some materials, and this should
promote healing of inflamed tissues
 TEMPORARY SOFT LINING MATERIALS
• Very similar to tissue conditioner
• Availability: powder & liquid
• Composition: same as tissue conditioner
• The materials are not as soft as tissue conditioners
immediately after setting but they retain their softness
for longer, taking up a month or two harden
• Like the tissue conditioners, they are viscoelastic in
nature & give a cushioning effect under dynamic loading
• Care should be exercised when selecting a denture
cleanser to use with a denture carrying a temporary soft
lining or tissue conditioner, why?
• The oxygenating type cleanser, in particular cause surface
degradation & pitting of the materials.
Indication
1) Used in place of tissue conditioners in cases where it
is not practicable to replace conditioner every 2-3
days
2) Used as a means of temporarily improving the new fit
of an ill-fitting denture until such a time as a new
denture can be constructed
3) Used as a diagnostic aid to ascertain whether the
patient would benefit from a permanent soft liner
Consequences to use these material
1) Both conditioner & temporary SL will hard. When this
occurs the surface is both rough and irregular,
increasing risk of trauma
2) These material can be relatively easily colonized by
candida in this hardening state, increasing risk of a
denture-induced stomatitis
 Care must be taken by a patient when cleaning a
denture with a temporary soft lining or tissue
conditioner. Simple rinsing with water does least
damage, whilst the use of a proprietary peroxide
based denture cleanser is highly damaging
 It is possible to soak such dentures overnight in
dilute hypochlorite to help to mitigate infection
 PERMANENT SOFT LINING MATERIALS
• They are most commonly used for patient who cannot
tolerate a hard base
• This problem arises if the patient has an irregular
mandibular alveolar ridge covered by a thin and a
relatively non-resilient mucosa
• Otherwise, painful.
Requirement
1) More critical than those of the tissue conditioner and
temporary lining materials since they are expected to
function over a much longer period of time
2) Should be elastic in order to give a cushioning effect
& prevent unacceptable distortions during service
3) The lining should adhere to denture base
4) The material should be non-toxic, non-irritant and
incapable of sustaining the growth of harmful
bacteria or fungi
Properties
1) All types of soft lining are sufficiently soft to give an
adequate cushioning effect
 The softest of 4 materials initially are the cold cure
acrylic materials
 These products hardens, however, through rapid
loss of alcohol and slow leaching of plasticizer
 These material should not be considered for
anything other than short term use
 The heat cure acrylic products, through as not as
soft as the cold cure initially, retain their softness
for linger
2) The silicone materials remain permanently soft and
modulus elasticity value may, in fact, decrease due
to water absorption
 This may cause a problem with some silicone
since water absorption is followed by bacterial
or fungal growth in the soft lining

3) The durability of bond between the denture and

the soft lining is adequate for the acrylic materials
and the heat cured silicones, however, there is a
tendency for the lining to peel away from the base
Materials – Denture Soft Liners

Denture
Soft Liners

Poly
Acrylic phospha Silicone
zine

Cold cure Heat cure Cold cure

Condensati
Heat cure
on

Addition