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counsellor
B. Cognitive Skills
Explain values and attitudes of a
counsellor
Explore basic counselling process
counselling
C. Interpersonal Skills and
Responsibility
A Comprehensive basic
counselling skills
Applying a Practical sessions
on counselling
Outline
Understand counselling.
Qualities of a good counsellor.
Values and attitudes of a
counsellor.
Counselling process.
Explore basic counselling
skills.
Barriers to effective
counselling.
Practical sessions on
counselling
Summary
Definition Of Counseling
A supportive and empathic
professional relationship that
provides a framework for the
exploration of emotions,
behaviors, and thinking
patterns, and the facilitation
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of healthy changes.
Counseling is directed
towards people
experiencing difficulties
as they live through the
normal stages of life-
span development.
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Counseling Functions
Remedial
Functional Impairment
Preventive
Anticipate and Accommodate
Enhancement
Human Potential
10
Counseling And Theory
Negligible differences in
effects produced by different
therapy types
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Common elements between
theories
Responding to feelings, thoughts and
actions of the client
Acceptance of client’s perceptions and
feelings
Confidentiality and privacy
Awareness of and sensitivity to messages
communicated in counseling
12
Characteristics Of Effective
Helpers
Self-awareness and understanding
Good psychological health
Sensitivity
Open-mindedness
Objectivity
Competence
Trustworthiness
13 Interpersonal Attractiveness
Components Of The Counseling
Process
Relationship Building
Assessment
Goal Setting
Intervention
Termination and Follow-Up
14
What Works in Treatment:
A Review of 40 Years of Outcome Research
15
Relationship Building
16
Conditions Of An Effective Therapeutic
Relationship
Accurate Empathy
Genuineness/Congruence
Positive Regard/Respect
Client’s perception of relationship is what
counts!
17
Counselor Skills Associated With
Facilitative Conditions
Nonverbal and verbal attending behaviors
Paraphrasing content of client communications
Reflecting client feelings and implicit messages
Openness and self-disclosure
Immediacy
Attending to Client's Theory of Change
Interactive vs. Didactic Approach
Promoting Hopefulness
18
Functions Of A Therapeutic
Relationship
Creates an atmosphere of trust and safety
Provides a medium or vehicle for intense
affect
Models a healthy interpersonal relationship
Provides motivation for change
19
WAYS OF LISTENING
"Are you listening to me?"
People like to be heard. To be heard helps
reduce insecurity. It gives us a feeling of
peace. And when someone really listens to
us, we often discover something about
ourselves. Often we solve problems just
when we are really listened to and feel
heard. In this handout I will explain two
ways of listening and encourage you to try
to listen better to those around you.
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ANALYTIC LISTENING
This is the kind of listening we usually do.
During Analytic Listening I am evaluating
in my mind as I listen to you. I am busy
judging and deciding what to say. I am
analyzing. As a result, you don't feel heard.
You may repeat yourself, or feel annoyed.
Maybe I can even repeat back to you what
I "heard" but it just doesn't feel like I
listened to you.
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DEEP LISTENING
This is a rare talent. In deep listening, my mind
is very quiet when I listen to you. My feeling is
peaceful and curious. I don't take anything
personally. I don't judge or decide or figure
anything out. I don't try to remember anything.
My mind is quiet and open. As a result, you
find you don't repeat yourself as much. You feel
a connection. You are likely to say, "I don't
know why, but I really felt you heard me." Your
feelings will become more peaceful.
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Effective counselling skills
Active listening: Poor listening habits
Paying attention: Eye Not paying attention
contact, nodding, etc. Assuming in advance that the
Hearing before subject is unimportant.
evaluating. Mentally criticizing.
Permitting the speaker to be
Listening for the whole
inaudible or incomplete.
message.
Pretending to be attentive.
Paraphrasing what was Hearing what is expected.
heard. Feeling defensive.
Probe for causes and Listening for a point of
feelings. disagreement.
23 Rehearsing.
Effective Counselling Skills
Reflection feeling and meaning:
recognizing client’s feelings and letting him
know you have understood their feeling.
Questioning: Asking open‐ended questions
which allow for more explaining. Help the
client to go deeper into his problems and
gain insight.
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Paraphrasing: Repeating in one’s
own words what the client has said.
Interpretation: Giving back to the
client the core issue that he is
struggling with.
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Assessment
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Session Rating Scale (SRS V.3.0)
Name ________________________ Age (Yrs):____ ID# _____________Sex: M / F Session # __ Date:___________________
Please rate today’s session by placing a mark on the line nearest to the description that best fits your experience.
Relationship
I did not feel heard, understood, and respected. I felt heard, understood, and respected.
I-------------------------------------------------------------------------I
Goals and Topics
We did not work on or talk about what I wanted to work on We worked on and talked about what I wanted to work on
and talk about and talk about.
I------------------------------------------------------------------------I
Approach or Method
The therapist’s approach is not a good fit for me. The therapist’s approach is a good fit for me.
I-------------------------------------------------------------------------I
Overall
There was something missing in the session today. Overall, today’s session was right for me.
I------------------------------------------------------------------------I
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Purposes Of Assessment
32
Assessment Tools
Intake forms
Intake interview
Clinician questions
Formal instruments
ASAM PPC
DSM IV
DrInc
SASSI
SOCRATES
………..
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Assessment Tool “Rules Of Thumb”
Never diagnose with a test or screening instrument only.
Tests are useful in validating information provided by the
client in the subjective interview.
Testing tools should only be used by those with training
in using that tool.
All testing tools have limitations.
Never replace the expertise, training, and experience of
the clinician with a test.
34
Stages of Change
(Meeting the client where they are)
Precontemplation - "I really don't want
to change.
36
Extratherapeutic Factors
These factors exist prior to and are
independent of participation in
treatment
Client factors
Strengths
Resources
Areas of Competence
Chance factors
37
Goal-Setting
38
Goal Functions
Define desired outcomes
Give direction to the counseling process
Specify what can and cannot be
accomplished in counseling
Client motivation
Evaluate effectiveness of counseling
Measure client progress
39
Seven Qualities Of Well Formed
Treatment Goals*
Saliency to the Client/Collaborative
Small
Concrete, Specific, and Behavioral
The Presence Rather Than the Absence of
Something
A Beginning Rather Than an End
Realistic and Achievable Within the Context of
the Client’s Life
Perceived as Involving “Hard Work”
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Interventions
41
Categories Of Counseling
Interventions
Affective
Cognitive
Behavioral
Interpersonal/Systemic
42
Affective Models
Person-centered therapy
Gestalt Therapy
Body awareness therapies
Psychodynamic therapies
Experiential therapies
43
Cognitive Models
Rational-emotive therapy
Information-giving
Problem-solving and
decision-making
Transactional Analysis
44
Behavioral Models
Behavior therapy
Reality therapy
Cognitive-behavioral
therapy
45
Systemic Models
Structural therapy
Strategic therapy
Intergenerational systems
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Collaborative Therapy
A collaborative therapy is one in
which:
The expertise of clients is given at least as
much weight as the expertise of therapists.
Clients are regularly part of the treatment
planning process.
Clients are consulted about goals,
directions and responses to the process
and methods of therapy.
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The therapist asks questions and makes
speculations in a non-authoritarian way,
giving the client ample room and
permission to disagree or correct the
therapist. Therapists give clients many
options and let them coach the therapist on
the next step or the right direction.
Client status is elevated from passive needy
recipients to active expert contributors.
48
The art of therapy revolves around
helping clients to bow out of their
symptoms gracefully
- Milton Erickson
49
Termination and
Follow-Up
50
Indicators Of Counseling Success
Clients “own” their problems and solutions
Clients develop more useful insight into
problems and issues
Clients acquire new responses to old issues
Clients learn to develop more effective
relationships
51
Accountability For Mental Health
Professionals
Continuing education
Paying attention to relevant research
findings
Applying research findings to clinical
practice
Validating efficacy of our work
52
Outcome Rating Scale (ORS)
Name ________________________Age (Yrs):____ Sex: M / F Session #____Date:_______________________
Who is filling out this form? Please check one: Self _______Other_______ If other, what is your relationship to
this person? ____________________________
Looking back over the last week, including today, help us understand how you have been feeling by rating how well
you have been doing in the following areas of your life, where marks to the left represent low levels and marks to
the right indicate high levels. If you are filling out this form for another person, please fill out according to how you think he or she
is doing.
Individually
(Personal well-being)
I----------------------------------------------------------------------I
Interpersonally
(Family, close relationships)
I----------------------------------------------------------------------I
Socially
(Work, school, friendships)
I----------------------------------------------------------------------I
Overall
(General sense of well-being)
I----------------------------------------------------------------------I
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Qualities of an Effective Counselor
Positive regard or respect for people.
Open, non judgmental and high level of
acceptance.
Caring and empathetic.
Self‐aware and self‐disciplined.
Knowledgeable/informed about subject and
awareness of resources available within the
community.
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Qualities of an Effective
Counsellor
Culturally sensitive.
Patient and a good listener.
Ability to maintain
confidentiality.
Objective and having clarity.
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Summary
The session defined counselling as a
face-to-face communication between a
counsellor and client which aims at
helping the client understand their
problems and make informed
decisions for change.
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Qualities of a good counsellor, skills in
counselling and barriers to effective
counselling, which included physical
barriers, differences in social and
cultural background, non-verbal
communication, and barriers caused
by clients are also detailed.
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