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PRINCIPLES OF HEAT

TRANSFER
SOURCES OF HEAT
pg. 41 C PRINCIPLE ONE

 Heat ALWAYS flows


from hot to cold when
objects are in contact or
connected by a good
heat conductor.
 The rate of heat transfer
will increase as the
difference in temp pg.. 6 fig 2
between the two objects
increases
pg. 37 C PRINCIPLE TWO

 Cold objects have less


heat than hot objects
of the same mass
 To make a object
colder, remove heat
To make is hotter, add
heat
 The mass of the object
remains the same
regardless of the heat
content
pg. 38C EVAPORATION

 The process of moisture becoming a


vapor(molecules escaping from the surface
of the liquid)
 As moisture vaporizes from a warm surface,
it removes heat and lowers the temperature
of the surface.
 The warmer the substance the quicker it will
evaporate.
pg. 41 C PRINCIPLE THREE

 Everything is composed of matter


 All matter exists in one of three states:
solid, liquid or vapor.
 LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION:
When matter changes from liquid to vapor
or vice versa, it absorbs or releases a
relatively large amount of heat without a
change in temperature.(970 Btu)
BRITISH THERMAL UNIT

 BTU is a heat quantity


measure
 BTU is the quantity of
heat needed to raise
the temperature of 1
lb. of water one degree
Fahrenheit.
 Vaporization: Will pg.. 7 fig 5
absorb more than five
times amount of heat
PRINCIPLE FOUR

 CONDENSATION
When a vapor is cooled
below its dew point, it
becomes a liquid.
(boiling point in
reverse)
 When vapor condenses,
pg.. 8 fig 6 releases five times as
much heat
PRINCIPLE FIVE

 Changing the pressure on


a liquid or a vapor
changes the boiling point.
 Each lb. of pressure
above atmospheric
pressure, raises the
boiling point about three
degrees Fahrenheit.
PRINCIPLE SIX

 When a vapor is
compressed, its
temperature and
pressure will increase
even though heat has
not been added

pg.. 10 fig 10
pg. 43C CONVECTION

 Occurs only in liquids, gases or vapors


 The transfer of heat by the circulation of a
liquid or a vapor (like cooling system)
 Heat flows from a hot surface to a surface
containing less heat.
 Heat rises. (Like on a stove)
pg. 42C RADIATION

 The process that moves heat from a heat


source to an object by means of heat rays
without the medium becoming hot.
 Works on the principle that heat moves
from a hot surface to a surface with less
heat.
 Does not require air movement or anything
in between the source and component. (Like
rays of the sun)
Pg 42C CONDUCTION

 Heat is transferred through a solid and gets


the solid hot. (molecules get hot than they in
turn give motion to nearby molecules and
they get hot too)
 Different solids conduct different amounts
of heat in a specific time. (copper vs. glass)
Pg 40C SPECIFIC HEAT

 The amount of heat that must be absorbed


by a certain material if it is to undergo a
temperature change of 1 degree Fahrenheit
 Materials will absorb, emit and exchange
heat at different rates. It takes different
amounts of heat energy (Btu's) to make a
temperature change of the material.
Pg 36C SENSIBLE HEAT

 Any heat that can be felt (with your senses)


and can be measured with a thermometer.
 Like ambient air. You “feel” the change in
temperature which makes you feel cold or
feel hot. Even a few degrees
PRESSURE

 Pressure: A force
exerted per unit of
surface area.
 Atmospheric Pressure:
21% Oxygen 78%
Nitrogen 1% other
gases
 Atmospheric pressure
fig 6.1
is 14.696 psia
PRESSURE MEASUREMENT

 Service Manuals refer to pressure when


using A/C gauges as: psig (pounds per
square inch gauge)
 A/C Gauges are calibrated to compensate
for atmospheric pressure.
 Pressures below atmospheric are called
vacuum and measured in inches of mercury
(in Hg)
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

 At sea level where atmospheric pressure is


14.7 PSI, the boiling point of water is 212
degrees Fahrenheit
 At any point higher than sea level the
atmospheric pressure is lower and so is the
boiling point of water.
 Boiling point of H20 decreases by 1.1
degrees F for every 1000 foot in altitude.
page 36 fig 6-3 7th edition
PRESSURE AFFECTS
BOILING POINT
Pressure Increase

 A Pressure increase
also raises the boiling
point of water.
 For every 1 PSI of
pressure increase, the
boiling point raises
2.53 degrees
Fahrenheit
Result of controlling Pressure

 If water boils at a higher temperature when


pressure is applied and at a lower
temperature when the pressure is reduced, it
is obvious that the temperature can be
controlled by controlling the pressure.
 This is the basic theory of physics that
determines and controls the temperature
conditions of air conditioning systems
Temperature and Pressure
Relationship of Refrigerant R-12

 R-12 has a close relationship of it’s pressure


and temperature on the Fahrenheit scale and
pressure scale (of the refrigerant itself)
 20 degrees F/psig to 80 degrees F/psig
 The objective of automotive a/c is to allow
the evaporator to reach its coldest point
without icing.

Page 44 fig 8-3 7th edition


That’s all folks!!!

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