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1
“If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the
result of a hundred battles.”
“If you know yourself and not the enemy, for every victory, you are
a fool who will meet defeat in every battle” - SUN TZU
MOSES
One of the first recorded formalized intelligence efforts, with format, can als
o be found in the Holy Bible Numbers 13:17
“And Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan and said unto them, g
et you up this way southward, and go up into the mountain; and see the lan
ds, what it is; and the people that dwell therein, whether they are strong
or weak, few or many; and what the land they dwelt in, whether in tent
s, or in strongholds; and what land is; whether it be fat or lean, wheth
er there be wood therein, or not. And be of good courage and bring of
the fruit of the land.” The scriptures also named the twelve intelligence ag
ents whom the Lord directed Moses to sent into the land of Canaan and rec
ords that “all those men were heads of the children of Israel.”
THE 12 MEN SENT BY MOSES TO SPY CANAAN
Sun –Tzu
A Chinese philosopher, creator of the “The Art
of War”
“Information must be obtained from men who
knew the enemy situation.”
“Know thy enemy and know yourself, you nee
d not fear the results of a hundred battles”
“If you know yourself and not the enemy, for e
very victory, you are a fool who will meet defe
at in every battle.”
Alexander the Great
Akbar
He was known to be the sagacious master of the
Hindustan. He employed more than 4,000 agents for the sole
purpose of bringing him the truth that his throne might rest
upon it.
Genghis Khan
• Karl Schulmeister
He was Napoleon’s eye, Napoleon’s military secret, born on August 5, 1770.
He began his career in offensive espionage under a cover role. He was able t
o infiltrate the Austrian General Staff.
• Wilhelm Stieber
He incorporated intelligence in the General Staff Support System. He further d
evice military censorship and organized military propaganda. He introduced mi
litary censorship and organized military propaganda. He works as a census ta
ker and developed informal gathering of data.
• Alfred Redl
He was one of the most brilliant intelligent agents. Though a homosexual, he
became Chief of the Austro – Hungarian Secret Service. He became a dou
ble agent of Russia.
Brahma Kautilya
• Central Intelligence Agency - The agency was created under the US National Securi
ty Act of 1947. It was the Central Intelligence group established during the time of Presi
dent Truman in January 1946. The CIA was under the National Security Council.
• Committee for State Security - Russia - The Intelligence agency known as the KGB -
Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (KGB)
WORLD WAR 1
• 1900 – Europe powers developed modern staff systems and place intelligence on the same
level with personnel, operations and logistics. Intelligence then functioned in time of peace
and war. Intelligence during this period, concentrated on information about the armed forces
of the enemy and their capabilities. AIRCRAFT was introduced as a method of conducting a
erial reconnaissance. WIRELESS TELEGRAPH was used wherein CODES AND CIPHERS
were applied. ARMY INTELLIGENCE rapidly expanded during this period.
• BRITISH INTELLIGENCE – succeeded greatly by means of censorship and its CODE ROO
M combined with skillful use of COVERT agents.
• GERMAN INTELLIGENCE – started the war with the world’s best organized inte
lligence service through advance preparation of intelligence accompanied by tro
op movements. GERMAN INTELLIGENCE WEAKENED by the attitude of the O
fficer Group wherein they subordinated intelligence to operation and did not rega
rd intelligence assignment worthy of a soldier.
• BRITISH INTELLIGENCE – the delay in the use of German V-BOMB against the
m was their main achievement during this time.
• In 1942 – a female special agent was able to transmit vital information concernin
g the activities and installations of the main research station at Penemuenda. Its
intelligence failed in the defeat of GENERAL MONTGOMERY’S forces at ANNH
EIM.
• US INTELLIGENCE – In 1941, The US Strategic Service was established to research and a
nalyze military, political and economic information as it affected the security of the country.
US JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFFS – was organized to act in support of the army and the navy
in the collection and analysis of strategic information and to be responsible for the planning
and operation of special services. US greatest contribution to intelligence was the developm
ent of the AMPHIBIOUS WARFARE where coordination of many types of intelligence activiti
es was required to provide adequate knowledge of the successful operation of a complex mi
litary force transported over water with the objective of establishing itself on an enemy – hel
d shore against opposition. US successes in WW II were based on personnel drawn from CI
VILIAN POPULACE, BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MEN AND WOMEN.
• CHINESE INTELLIGENCE – In 1932, TAI LI – organized the China’s Secret Police to condu
ct espionage and counterespionage against Japanese Spies and Chinese communist.
• SOVIET INTELLIGENCE – AMTORG was organized for the purpose of purchasing all kinds
of materials for the Soviet Union.
• SMERSH or “DEATH TO SPIES” was organized during the war as counterintelligence conc
erned with disaffection among Soviet troops and anti-communism in any form. Its five major
divisions are: Administration, Operation, Investigation, Prosecution, and Personnel.
POST WAR PERIOD: The superpowers
Intelligence Defined
• Webster defines intelligence as the capacity for understanding and for other form
s of adaptive intellect of behavior; the mind in operation; the power of meeting an
y situation, especially a novel situation, successfully by proper behavior adjustme
nts; the ability to apprehend the interrelationships of presented facts in such a wa
y as to guide action towards goal; knowledge of an event, circumstances, etc., re
ceived or imparted; the gathering or distribution of information; the staff of person
s engaged in obtaining such information.
• Strategic Intelligence – it is an intelligence activity which is primarily long range in nature with little
practical immediate operation value.
• Line Intelligence – it is an intelligence activity that has the immediate nature and value necessary f
or more effective police planning and operation.
• National Intelligence - it is the integrated product of intelligence developed by all the governmental
branches, departments concerning the broad aspect of national security and policy. It is concerned
to more than one department or agency and it is not produced by single entity. It is used to coordin
ate all the activities of the government in developing and executing integrated and national policies
and plans.
• Counter-Intelligence – phase of intelligence covering the activity devoted in destroying the effectiv
eness of hostile foreign activities and to the protection of info against espionage, subversion and sa
botage.
• Undercover Work – is an investigative process in which disguises and pretext cover and deception
are used to gain the confidence of criminal suspects for the purpose of determining the nature and
extent of any criminal activities that maybe contemplating or perpetuating.
Functional Classification
of Police Intelligence
• Armed Force Intelligence – deals with the armed forces of the nation. It inclu
des the position of the armed forces, the constitutional and legal basis of its cr
eation and actual role, the organizational structure and territorial disposition, a
nd the military manpower recruitment and Order of Battle
• Security Intelligence – means that the total sum of efforts to counsel the nation
al policies, diplomatic decisions, military data, and any other information of a sec
ret nature affecting the security of the nation form unauthorized persons. It is an
effort to deny information to unauthorized persons by restricting to those who are
explicitly authorized to possess it.
PHASE 1
COLLECTION OF
INFORMATION
PHASE 4
MISSION
DISSEMINATION AND USE
OF INFORMATION
PHASE 3
PROCESSING THE
COLLECTED INFORMATION
PHAS E 1
Planning the Collection E ffort
• This phase of the cycle is concerned with the examination and collation of all
collected information.
Concept of Surveillance
S urveillance is a form of clandestine investigation
which consists of keeping persons, place or other
targets under physical observation in order to obtain
evidence or information pertinent to an investigation.
S urveillance of persons is called Tailing or Shadowing,
S urveillance of place is called Casing or Reconnaissance,
and S urveillance of other things, events, & activities is called
Roping.
In S urveillance, the following are considered:
• Pre-Surveillance Conference – a conference
held among the team members, the police
intelligence unit before surveillance is conducted.
• Surveillance Plan – a plan established the as
required according to type of personnel, and the
general and specific instructions for surveillance.
• Area Target Study – refers to the area of
operation (AOR ) of surveillance activities.
• Surveillant – a person who conducts surveillance with includes only
observations.
• Stakeout or Plant – is the observation of places or areas from a fixed
point.
• Tailing or Shadowing – it is the observation of a person’s movement.
• Undercover Man – it refers to a person trained to observe and penetrat
e certain organization suspected of illegal activities and later reports the
observation and information’s that proper operational action can be mad
e
• Liason Program – the assignment of trained intelligence personnel to
other agencies in order to obtain information of police intelligence value
(Agencies like the press, credit agencies, labor unions, telephone compa
nies)
• Safehouse – is a place, building, enclosed mobile, or an apartment,
where police undercover men meet for debriefing or reporting purposes.
• Drop – any person is a convenient, secure and unsuspectin
g place where police undercover men meet his action agent
for debriefing or reporting purposes.
• Convoy – an accomplice or associate of the subject used to
avoid or elude surveillant.
• Decoy – a cover supporting the surveillant who can become
a convoy whenever surveillant is burned.
• Contact – any persons whom the subject picks or deals
with while he is under observation & identifies the observer.
• Made – when subject under surveillance becomes aware
that he is under observation and identifies the observer.
• Lost – when the surveillant does not know the whereabouts
of his subject or the subject had eluded the surveillance.
SURVE ILL ANCE ACTIVITIE S
• Opposite Personality Technique – also known as “Mutt and J eff”, “Threat and
Rescue”, “Bud Guy – God Guy’, “S weet and S our”, “S ugar and Vinegar”, “Devil
and Angel”. Use of two (2) interrogators playing opposite roles.
• Egotis t Techniques (Pride and Ego) – usually successful when employed agai
nst an interrogee who has displayed a weakness or a feeling of insecurity. You
may reverse the technique by complimenting the interrogee in hopes of getting h
im to admit certain information to gain credit. Described him as the best person,
superior or comrade.
• “Silent” Technique – employed against nervous or the conf
ident type of interrogee. Look out the interrogee squarely in t
he eye with sarcastic smile (force him to break eye contact fi
rst). He may ask questions but the interrogator must not ans
wer. Patience is needed until the interrogator is ready to bre
ak silence.