COMMUNICATION MODELS

AND THE TENETS OF

COMMUNICATION
 “We take communication for granted
because we do it frequently, but it’s actually
a complex process.”
DAVID BERLO’S MODEL
David K. Berlo's Model of
Communication focuses on four
elements, namely: the Source (S),
the Message (M), the Channel (C),
and the Receiver (R). Under each of
these are different factors that affect
the communication process. This
model is an example of a linear
model of communication.
Aristotle’s
Model of
Communication
The Aristotle’s
communication model is
a speaker centered
model as the speaker
has the most important
role in it and is the only
one active.
Lasswell’s
Communication Model
Lasswell’s communication
model was developed by
communication theorist Harold D.
Lasswell (1902-1978) in 1948.
Lasswell’s model of communication
(also known as action model or linear
model or one way model of
communication) is regarded as one
the most influential communication
models.
Three Functions of Communication
■ Surveillance of the Environment- a function of surveillants such
as political leaders and health officers designed to alert society
to dangers and opportunities it faces.
■ Correlation of components of society- a function mainly carried
out by institutions such as community development workers, and
polltakers designed to gather coordinate and integrate into
meaningful form of responses of society toward changes in the
environment.
■ Cultural transmission between generation- function carried out
by institutions such as the family, ,church, school,and community
in order to pass down their values, customs, and traditions to the
next generation.
SHANNON-WEAVER’S
COMMUNICATION MODEL
SCHRAMM The Osgood-Schramm model is built on the theory that
communication is a two-way street, with a sender and a receiver.

MODEL Charles Egerton Osgood popularized the notion that

communication was circular rather than linear, meaning that it
required two participants taking turns sending and receiving a
message.
Transactional model
of communication is
the exchange of
messages between
sender and receiver
where each take
turns to send or
receive messages.
Transactional Model of Communication

The transaction model of communication describes

communication as a process in which communicators
generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural
contexts. In this model, we don’t just communicate to
exchange messages; we communicate to create relationships,
form intercultural alliances, shape our self-concepts, and
engage with others in dialogue to create communities. In
short, we don’t communicate about our realities;
communication helps to construct our realities.
TENETS OF COMMUNICATION
TENET
Examples of tenets of communication:

■ Communication is dynamic.
■ Communication is unrepeatable and irreversible.
■ You cannot not communicate
■ Communication is a multi-level activity
With a partner, explain your interpretation
of the following communication.
■ Communication is contextualized
■ Communication is everywhere
■ Communication is continuous
■ Communication is transaction
■ Communication is learned
■ Communication is a sharing of meanings.
Activity

MAKE FACE
BARRIERS OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Problems that Emanate from the
Source/Sender
 Problems in language proficiency/skills
– Diction
– Grammar
– Pronunciation, intonation, stress
 Lack of Sensitivity to the receiver’s background
 Lack of Preparation
 Negative Perception of self and other emotional problems
 Language Barrier
Try to explain the following in your own
words:
■ Systematic barrier
■ Attitudinal Barrier
Attitudinal Barrier

■ Attitudinal barriers result when people think and act based

on false assumptions. Example: receptionist talks to an
individual’s support person because she or he assumes the
individual with a disability will not understand.
Systematic Barrier

■ “Consists of patterns of behaviour, policies or practices that are part of the social or
administrative structures of an organization, and which create or perpetuate a
position of relative disadvantage for racialized persons.”
■ Example: eligibility criteria that effectively exclude people based on a disability, such
as requiring a job applicant to have a driver’s license even though there are ways to
reorganize a job to use another form of transportation.