Resource Management

Chapter 12

© 2007 Pearson Education 12-1

 Types of Constraints

 Technical

 Physical

 Resource

 Time

 Mixed

12-2
 Resource Loading
The amounts of individual resources that a schedule
requires during specific time periods.
Resource loading table
Resource Name Work Details 5/5 5/12 5/19 5/26
Bob 40 hrs Work 8h 32h
Assign Bids 40 hrs Work 8h 32h
Carol 40 hrs Work 8h 32h
Calculate Cost 40 hrs Work 8h 32h
Ted 40 hrs Work 8h 32h
Documentation 40 hrs Work 8h 32h
Alice 8 hrs Work 8h
Select Bid 8 hrs Work 8h 12-3
 Resource Leveling (Smoothing)
A multivariate, combinatorial problem

Objectives
• To determine the resource requirements so that
they will be available at the right time
• To allow each activity to be scheduled with the
smoothest possible transition across resource
usage levels

12-4
 Prioritization Rules for Leveling

 Smallest amount of slack

 Smallest duration

 Lowest ID number (FCFS)

 Greatest number of successor tasks

 Requiring the most resources
12-5
 General Procedure for Leveling

1. Create a project activity network diagram

2. Develop resource loading table

3. Determine activity late finish dates

4. Identify resource over allocation

5. Resource level the loading table

12-6
Creating Resource Loading Charts
Display the amount of resources required as a
function of time.

4 B 5 5 D 9 9 E 11
Res = 2 Res = 7 Res = 3

1. Start with a
0 A 4 network diagram
Res = 6 11 F 12
Res = 6
4 C 7
Res = 2
12-7
Creating Resource Loading Charts
Activity Resource Duration ES Slack LF
A 6 4 0 0 4
B 2 1 4 0 5
C 2 3 4 4 11
D 7 4 5 0 9
E 3 2 9 0 11
F 6 1 11 0 12
2. Produce a table that shows the
duration, early start, late finish,
slack, and resource(s) required for
each activity. 12-8
 Creating Resource Loading Charts
3. Draw an initial loading chart with
8 each activity scheduled at its ES.
Resources

6
Resource
4 imbalance
A D F
B
2
E
C

2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Project Days
12-9
 Creating Resource Loading Charts
4. Rearrange activities within their slack
to create a more level profile. Splitting
8 C creates a more level project.
Resources

4 C
A D F
B
2
E
C

2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Project Days
12-10
 Key Parameters in
Multi-Project Environments

 Schedule slippage

 Resource utilization

 In-process inventory

12-11
 Prioritizing Resource Allocations in
Multi-Project Environments

• First come first served

• Greatest resource demand

• Greatest resource utilization

• Minimum late finish time

• Mathematical programming

12-12