Chapter 7-Microsoft Access 2 2

Web Design
and
HTML basics
Chapter 3
CLD 10202 COMPUTING

JUNE 2014
1
Learning Outcomes
In this chapter, you will learn
how to ...
– Describe HTML, XHTML, and HTML5
– Describe the most common types of
website organization
– Describe principles of visual design
– Describe web page layout design
techniques
– Apply best practices of web design
2
Learning Outcomes
In this chapter, you will learn how to ...
– Identify the markup language in a web page
document
– Use the html, head, body, title, and meta elements
to code a template for a web page
– Configure the body of a web page with headings,
paragraphs, line breaks, divs, lists, and blockquotes
– Use the anchor element to link from page to page
– Create absolute, relative, and e-mail hyperlinks
– Use the html image elements
– Code, save, and display a web page document
3
What is HTML?
• HTML:
The set of markup symbols or codes placed in
a file intended for display on a Web browser
page.
• The World Wide Web Consortium

(http://w3c.org) sets the standards for HTML
and its related languages.
4
HTML Elements
 Each markup code represents an HTML element .
 Each element has a purpose.

Most elements are coded as a pair of tags:
an opening tag and a closing tag.
 Tags are enclosed in angle brackets, "<" and ">" symbols.
5
What is HTML5 ?
• Newest draft version of HTML/XHTML
• Supported by modern browsers
– Safari, Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer 9
• Intended to be backwards compatible
• Adds new elements
• Adds new functionality
– Edit form data
– Native video and audio
– And more!
Source: W3C http://www.w3.org/html/logo/
6
Overall Design Is Related
to the Site Purpose
http://nasa.gov
Consider the
target audience
of these sites.
http://bls.gov 7
WebSite Organization
• Hierarchical
• Linear
• Random
(sometimes called Web Organization)
8
Hierarchical
Organization
• A clearly defined home page
• Navigation links to major site sections
• Often used for commercial and corporate websites
9
Hierarchical & Shallow
• Be careful that the organization is not too shallow.

– Too many choices  a confusing and less usable web site
– Information Chunking
• Research by Nelson Cowan: adults typically can keep about four items or chunks of items in short-term
memory (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2864034/)
– Be aware of the number of major navigation links
– Try group navigation links visually into groups with no more than
about four links.
10
Hierarchical & Deep
 Be careful that the organization is
not too deep.
◦ This results in many “clicks” needed to

drill down to the needed page.
◦ User Interface “Three Click Rule”

 A web page visitor should be able to get
from any page on your site to any other
page on your site with a maximum of three
hyperlinks.
11
Linear Organization
• A series of pages that provide a

tutorial, tour, or presentation.
• Sequential viewing
12
Random Organization
 Sometimes called “Web” Organization
 Usually there is no clear path through

the site
 May be used with artistic or concept

sites
 Not typically used for commercial

sites.
13
Design Principles
• Repetition
– Repeat visual elements throughout design
• Contrast
– Add visual excitement and draw attention
• Proximity
– Group related items
• Alignment
– Align elements to create
visual unity
14
Design for Accessibility
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0
WCAG 2.0
◦ http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/Overview
◦ http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref
Based on Four Principles (POUR)
1.Perceivable
Content must be Perceivable
2.Operable
Interface components in the content must be Operable
3.Understandable
Content and controls must be Understandable
4.Robust.
Content should be Robust enough to work with current and
future user agents, including assistive technologies
15
Web Design Best Practices Checklist
http://terrymorris.net/bestpractices
•Page Layout
•Browser Compatibility
•Navigation
•Color and Graphics
•Multimedia
•Content Presentation
•Functionality
•Accessibility
16
Example Structure HTML Web Page
<html >
<head>
<title>Page Title Goes Here</title>
</head>
<body>
... body text and more HTML tags go here ...
</body>
</html>
17
Head & Body Sections
• Head Section
Contains information that describes the Web
page document
<head>
…head section info goes here
</head>
• Body Section
Contains text and elements that display in the
Web page document
<body>
…body section info goes here
</body>
18
Title ElemenT
Meta Element
19
Heading Element
<h1>Heading Level 1</h1>

20
Paragraph Element
• Paragraph element
<p> …paragraph goes here… </p>
– Groups sentences and sections of text together.
– Block Display – Configures empty space above

and below
21
Line Break Element
• Line Break element
– Stand-alone, or void tag
…text goes here <br>

This starts on a new line….
– Causes the next element or text to display on a new line
22
Blockquote Element
• Blockquote element
– Indents a block of text for special emphasis
<blockquote>
…text goes here…
</blockquote>
– Block Display – Configures empty space above and
below
23
Phrase Elements
 Indicate the context and meaning of the text
24
Proper Nesting
CODE:
<p><i>Call for a free quote for your web development needs:
<strong>888.555.5555 </strong></i></p>
BROWSER DISPLAY:
Call for a free quote for your web development

needs: 888.555.5555
25
HTML Lists
• Unordered List
• Ordered List
• Description List
formerly called a definition list
26
Unordered List
• Displays a bullet, or list marker, before each entry
in the list.
• <ul>
Contains the unordered list
• <li>
Contains an item in the list
27
Unordered List Example
<ul>
<li>TCP</li>
<li>IP</li>
<li>HTTP</li>
<li>FTP</li>
</ul>
28
Ordered List
• Displays a numbering or lettering system to
itemize the information contained in the list
• <ol>
Contains the ordered list
– type attribute determines numbering
scheme of list, default is numerals
• <li>
Contains an item in the list
29
Ordered List Example
<ol>
<li>Apply to school</li>
<li>Register for course</li>
<li>Pay tuition</li>
<li>Attend course</li>
</ol>
30
Description List
 Useful to display a list of terms and descriptions or a list of
FAQ and answers
◦ <dl>
Contains the description list
◦ <dt>
Contains a term/phrase/sentence
Configures empty space above and below the text
◦ <dd>
Contains a description of the term/phrase/sentence
◦ Indents the text
◦ Configures empty space above and below the text
31
Description List Example
<dl>
<dt>IP</dt>
<dd>Internet Protocol</dd>
<dt>TCP</dt>
<dd>Transmission Control Protocol</dd>
</dl>
32
Special Characters
 Display special characters such as quotes,
copyright symbol, etc.
Character Code
© ©
< <
> >
& &

33
Div Element
• Configures a structural block area or “division” on a
web page with empty space above and below.
• Can contain other block display elements, including
other div elements
<div>Home Services Contact</div>
34
HTML5 Structural Elements
• header Element
<header></header>
Contains the web page
document’s headings
• nav Element
<nav></nav>
Contains web page
document’s main navigation
• main Element
<main></main>
document’s main
content
• footer Element
<footer></footer>
document’s footer
35
HTML5 Structural Elements
<body>
<header> document headings go here </header>
<nav> main navigation goes here </nav>
<main> main content goes here </main>
<footer> document footer information goes here </footer>
</body>
36
Anchor Element
 Specifies a hyperlink reference (href) to a file
 Text between the <a> and </a> is displayed on
the web page.
<a href="contact.html">Contact Us</a>
 href Attribute
 Indicates the file name or URL
37
Absolute & Relative Hyperlinks
• Absolute link
– Link to a different website
<a href="http://yahoo.com">Yahoo</a>
• Relative link
– Link to pages on your own site
<a href="index.htm">Home</a>
38
E-Mail Hyperlink
• Automatically launch the default mail program
configured for the browser
• If no browser default is configured, a message is
displayed
<a href=“mailto:me@gmail.com”>me@gmail.com</a>
39
Horizontal Rule Element
• Configures a horizontal line
<hr>
40
HTML Image Element
 Configures graphics on a web page
<img src=“dog.jpg” alt=“Dog at computer” height=“100” width=“100”>
 src Attribute
◦ File name of the graphic
 alt Attribute
◦ Configures alternate text description
 height Attribute
◦ Height of the graphic in pixels
 width Attribute
◦ Width of the graphic in pixels
41
41
Image Links
 To create an image hyperlink use an anchor element
to contain an image element
<a href="index.html"><img src="home.gif"

height="19" width="85" alt="Home"></a>
Home
 Browsers automatically add a border to image links.

 Configure CSS to eliminate the border
img { border-style: none; }
42
Thumbnail Image
A small image configured to link to a larger version of that
image.
<a href=“big.jpg”><img src=“small.jpg” alt=“country
road” width=“200” height=“100”></a>
43
Organizing
Your Site
• Place images in
their own folder
• Code the path to

the file in the src
atttribute
<img src=“images/home.gif” alt=“Home”

height=“100” width=“200”>
44
Summary
• This chapter introduced you the best practices of web
design and HTML and the use of HTML elements and
graphics on web pages.
• The choices you make in the use of color, graphics,
and text should be based on your particular target
audience.
• You will use these skills over and over again as you
create web pages.
45

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Web Design

CLD 10202 COMPUTING

• The World Wide Web Consortium

 Each element has a purpose.

 Tags are enclosed in angle brackets, "<" and ">" symbols.

Source: W3C http://www.w3.org/html/logo/

• Be careful that the organization is not too shallow.

◦ This results in many “clicks” needed to

◦ User Interface “Three Click Rule”

• A series of pages that provide a

 Usually there is no clear path through

 May be used with artistic or concept

 Not typically used for commercial

<h1>Heading Level 1</h1>

– Groups sentences and sections of text together.

– Block Display – Configures empty space above

…text goes here <br>

– Causes the next element or text to display on a new line

Call for a free quote for your web development

<div>Home Services Contact</div>

<a href="contact.html">Contact Us</a>

<a href="index.html"><img src="home.gif"

 Browsers automatically add a border to image links.

• Code the path to

<img src=“images/home.gif” alt=“Home”

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