VIDYA BHAWAN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

UDAIPUR
Approved by AICTIE, New Delhi & Affiliated by BTER, Jodhpur (Raj)

PRESENTATION OF TRAINING
AT B.L. MANTRI & ASSOCIATES PVT. LTD

Presented by:
JAYESH KOTHARI
 Training Taken At:

B.L MANTI & ASSOCIATES PVT. LTD.

•ARCHITECT : Mr. Abhinav Mantri
•ENGINEER : Mr. B.L. Mantri,
Mr. Ashok Jain
•SITE ENGINEER : Mr. Sanjay Shrimali,
Mr. Hemant Sharma

•H.O.D. : Mr. Jay Kant Dave

•TRAINING
IN CHARGE : Mr. Girish Kumar Vaishnav

TRAINING PERIOD: 16 MAY,2016 - 15 JUNE,2016

OVERVIEW
SITES VISITED DURING TRAINING:
 INDUSTRIAL BUILDING: Sun Polytex Unit-3, Madri
Industrial Area, Udaipur

 COMMERCIAL BUILDING: Plot No. 4 & 5 ,Shobhagpura,

Udaipur

 INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING : Old AgeHome, Hawala, Udaipur.

 RESIDENTIAL BUNGALOW : Mograwadi, Udaipur.

 FOUNDATION
Foundation is the substructure and lower portion of the building, usually located below ground
level, which transmits the load of super-structure to the sub-soil.

FUNCTION OF FOUNDATION –

1. Reduction of load intensity.

2. Even distribution of non-uniform load of
the super structure evenly to the sub soil.
3. Provision of level surface.
4. Lateral stability.
5. Safety against undermining.
6. Protection against soil movements.

Foundation Mat:
2800X2200
10#mm@100c/c
Both Ways
 Construction of Isolated footing:
1. Excavation
2. Damping the Surface
3. PCC 1:4:8
4. Footing mat is
5. Column is erected
6. Concreting with M20 grade
concrete (1:1.5:3)
 D.P.C.
A layer of waterproof material in the wall of a building near the ground, to prevent
rising damp.
A course of some impermeable material laid in the foundation walls of building near
the ground to prevent dampness from rising into the building.

At our site: Plinth beam

was constructed which
works as Damp proof
course.

Damp Proof Course

 COLUMNS
A column is defined as a compression member.
Columns support floors in a structure. Slabs and beams transfer the stresses to
the columns.

Column Reinforcement Detail:

1. A Day After Concreting of Foundation
2. Column Starter 300x600
3. Column Up to Plinth 12-25mm#
4. Erection of Formwork in Plumb
5. Concreting of column wit M20 (1:1.5:3) concrete mix Rings
8#mm@175c/c
At Our Site: SUN POLYTEX UNIT-3
The columns were of circular cross-section as edges of
column of rectangular section are vulnerable to break.
Since it is an industrial building there will be movement of
machinery inside the building.
Column Reinforcement Detail:
600 mmØ (12-25mm#)
Rings(Lateral Ties)
8#mm @150 c/c
M20-Grade
 SOLING AND P.C.C.
•Soling is done to provide rigid base
•Stones are closely packed
•Set at inclination of 45o
•It is also done to raise the plinth of the
building as a cheap filler material which
supports the flooring.

•P.C.C. is done over the soling

•Provide smooth ,leveled and rigid base
for final flooring
•It also prevents dampness rising to the
building.
BEAM
Beam is a Horizontal Structural Element.
Beam transfers load from slab to Columns.
Beam Reinforcement is tied outside and then
lowered in to formwork.
Beams are casted with slab.

•Place where two or

more Beams meets is
called JUNCTION.
•Special care is taken
at beam junctions
•Self-Compacting
concrete is used here.

Junction of Beam
SLAB
Slab is a structural element forming floors and roofs of buildings for supporting
load on its surface.

• Restrained Two Way Slab

• Supported on all 4 edges

• Continuous on all 4 sides

• Alternate bent up in bars is

provided at distance of L/5 or L/7 in

Slab Reinforcement Detail:
both direction. THK.=6”
Main: 12mm# @8” c/c
Alt. bent up
Distribution: 12mm# @8” c/c
Alt. bent up
 LEVELING OF BEAM AND SLAB
SHUTTERING:
• Wooden props are used for shuttering
• Leveling of beams done first
•Then leveling of slab done with respect to
it
• Then leveling of slab shuttering is done
with help of Staff.
• By loosening and tightening of props
below Leveling of Slab
 SHUTTERING AND FORMWORK
Forms or moulds or shutters are the container in which concrete is placed, so
that it will have the desired shape when hardened.
Inner dimensions of shuttering and formwork are dimensions of finished
member.

CLASSIFICATION OF SHUTTERING ON BASE OF THEIR MATERIAL:

•Timber
•Metal
•Plywood
•Combined Metal and Timber
 •Surface which comes in contact is
oiled.
•Oil should not come in contact with
reinforcement bars.
•In Column, its verticality is checked by
dropping plumb bob along its edge
•Starter is made before shuttering.

STRIPPING TIME OR REMOVAL OF FORMWORK-

•Formwork should not be disturbed until concrete
in it attains strength to self stand safely.
•Removal of formwork should not cause any
shock or vibration.
•In Abnormal conditions formwork may be kept
for longer period

IMG-Inner Oiled Surface

of Form work
 STRUCTURAL COMPONENT TIME PERIOD
Footings
1 DAY
Sides of beams, columns, lintels,
1, DAY
wall
Underside of beams spanning less
14 DAYS
than 6m
Underside of beams spanning over
21 DAYS
6m
Underside of slabs spanning less
7 DAYS
than 4m
Underside of slabs spanning more
14 DAYS
than 4m
Table-STRIPPING TIME
 REINFORCEMENT
•Steel reinforcements are bars of circular cross section in concrete structure.
• They are like a skeleton in human body.
•At our site bars range in diameter from 8 to 25 mm.
•In residential buildings, bars of diameter 6 to 20 mm are used.

Cover blocks are placed

to prevent the steel rods
from touching the
shuttering
IMG. -20mm Cover
Block in Slab
Reinforcement
COVER TO
MEMBER REINFORCEMENT
(mm) TABLE-COVER
Slab 20 DETAILS
Beam 25
Column 40
Foundation 50
LAP LENGTH:
•Lap length is the length overlap of
bars tied to extend the reinforcement
length
•Not more than 50% of bars are
overlapped at given cross-section.
•Overlapping is staggered
•Lap length is 50 times diameter of bar
•Columns steel bars are juggled and
their centre line coincides.
 CHECKING REINFORCEMENT
•To check Tied Reinforcement according to Drawing provide before
concreting.
•For Example-

4-25mm# : 4 steel bars of 25mm diameter in top layer of the bean throughout the length of
Top Thru the beam. Stirrups
2-16mm# : 2 Steel bars of 16mm diameter in middle layer of the beam throughout the length. 10mm# @125c/c
Mid Layer

3-25mm# : 3 Steel bar of 25mm diameter in the centre of the beam with 0.15L distance
Bottom Extra from both the sides from centre of support

4-25mm# : 4 steel bars of 25mm diameter in bottom layer of the beam throughout
Bottom Thru out the length of beam.

Where L is Length of beam from centre to centre of support.

CONCRETE OPERATIONS
BATCHING

MIXING

TRANSPORTATION

PLACING

COMPACTION

FINISHING
BATCHING:-
•Batching is measuring and proportioning of ingredients (Cement , Sand, Aggregate,
Water) of concrete.
•Either by volume or by Weight and introducing them into the mixture

At our site- Batching was done by Volume by Pan.

MIXING-
•Mixing is preparing a homogeneous mixture of
all the ingredients.
•Ingredients are charged Step-by-Step.
•At our Site – Batch-type Tilting-type Mixer was
deployed

TRANSPORTATION –
•Concrete is transported from place of mixing to
the formwork where it has to be placed
•Transported without Segregation.
 IMG-Cable and Hoist arrangement IMG-Chute

At our Site: For vertical transportation Cable and Hoist arrangement was used. On floor
transportation Pan is used.
When concrete was prepared at central plant, It is transported in trimmers of capacity

PLACEMENT:
•Before placing concrete Reinforcement is checked.
•Shuttering is checked.
•Loose props are checked and tightened.

.
COMPACTION:
•The removal of entrapped air from fresh
concrete.
•Increases the density of placed concrete.
•Increases the permeability.

Every 1% of entrapped air, the strength falls by 5%

At our Site- At our site Petrol-powered

and Electricity-powered Needle
Vibrators were used.

IMG-Compaction by Vibration

FINISHING:
Finishing is important for plane and smooth
surface. After placement and compaction of
concrete the surface of it is leveled by using a
Rafter or Float.
 READY MIX CONCRETE
Advantages:
•Quality control of batching.
•Use on congested sites.
•Prevention segregation and maintaining workability.
•Economical when Concreting of large area.

Ready Mix Concrete Plant

 STORAGE OF INGREDIENTS AT RMC

1. Cement is transported in Bulkers and stored in silos.

2. Aggregate(Sand, 20mm ,10mm) are stored in piles in open.
3. Admixtures are stored in tanks.
4. Water is stored in underground tanks.
5. Material is transported with a Hydraulic Excavator

Transportation
 Trimmer Emptied in a Pump Pump Pumps Concrete in Pipelines

• Ready mix concrete was used

for casting of slab at site
• RMC Lafarge plant
• No. of pipes connected to
reach to slab
• Grade of mix- M25 (1:1:2)
 MASONRY
Masonry is the building of structure from individual units laid in bound together by
mortar.

STONE MASONRY:
• Random Rubble

• Mix used 1:6(Cement : Sand)

• Constructed as Retaining wall

• Stepped, Width increasing with

Depth
 BRICK MASONRY:

•For 4” Walls
•For Partition Walls
•Non-load bearing Wall
•Mortar Used is (1:3) or
(1:4)
Stretcher bond

•For walls equal or more than 9”

•Better appearance
•Complicated Construction
•Mortar Used (1:5)

Flemish Bond
 SCAFFOLDING
•Scaffolding is a Temporary Structure

•Support the workmen to carry on the

construction works

•When the height above floor level

exceeds about 1.5m

•Scaffolding of Combined type was used.

 PLASTER
Plastering is the process of covering rough surface of walls, columns, ceilings
and other building components with thin coat of plastic mortars to form a smooth
durable surface.

1.Layer of Neat 2.Application 3.Finishing of 4.Brooming

Cement Slurry of mortar Surface with Float
 STAIRS
•Stairs are Series of Steps
•Leads from one floor to another
•Used for Vertical Transportation
• For Vertical Circulation.

Width 5’3”
Tread 11”
No. of Steps 25
Height 12’6”
Riser 6”

Longitudinal Reinforcement:
10mm# @5” c/c
Lateral Reinforcement:
8mm# @8” c/c

A Flight of Dog Legged Stair

EXPANSION JOINTS
•Concrete expands or contracts with the
increase or decrease in temperatures
•Cracks may occur if no suitable space left

Expansion Joint