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ASKEP PENATALAKSAAAN

PASIEN DENGAN ARV


PENGERTIAN

suatu konsep perawatan yang


menyeluruh membentuk suatu
jejaring kerja diantara
semua sumber daya yang ada
dalam rangka memberikan pelayanan
dan perawatan holistic, menyeluruh
dan dukungan yang luas bagi ODHA
dan keluarganya.
-NGOs
-Spiritual
-Youth group
-Volunteer -Paliative
-Health posts -Emotional &
-Dispensaries Spiritual support
VCT
-Traditional - Self care
-Orphan care

The entry
-Specialist &
point -Distric hosp PLHA
specialized care
-Clinics facilities
-Hospice
Peer
support
PELAYANA DAN DUKUINGAN ODHA

Perawatan
PMTCT Pengobatan komplementer
paliatif
Perawatan
PEP
di rmh
Anti retroviral teraphy
Tx. peny. Profilaksis &
terkait HIV pengobatan IO
Dukungan psiko-sosial-spiritual
Konseling dan tes HIV sukarela Manfaat ?

Pencegahan : Jangan menulari dan ditulari (IMS dan NAPZA suntik)

HIV HIV
Terpajan AIDS Terminal
(-) (+)
Beberapa aspek perawatan HIV & AIDS
komprehensif dan berkesinambungan

Tatalaksana Asuhan
VCT IO keperawatan

Perawatan Asuhan
KDS
di rumah gizi
Menurunkan Dukungan
stigma sosial

Sistem
DIKLAT
rujukan
INTERAKSI ANTAR KOMPONEN

Pengobatan dan perawatan Dukungan sosio-ekonomik


VCT, PMTCT, Dukunngan material
profilaksis, pengoatan jaminan ekonomi dan
IO, ART, tatalaksana jaminan hidup layak
IMS, gizi
ODHA
dan
Dukungan keluarga Dukungan HAM
psikologis dan Hukum
Konseling, dukungan pada Menghapus stigma dan
diskriminiasi, perencanaan
yatim piatu, dukungan
dan partisipasi ODHA,
masyarakat, dukungan
kesetaraan kesempatan dan
spiritual
Penghargaan

Efisien dan Ketersediaan


efektif
PRINSIP
DASAR

Koordinasi dan Kesetaraan


integrasi
SEBELUM
PROGRAM ART

•Prophilaxis
•Tatalaksana IO
•Pencegahan
•Perawatan paliatif
PROGRAM ART

•HIV Kronis

•Untuk mendapatkan program ART,


ada beberapa syarat yang harus dipenuhi
•Patuh datang ke klinik
•Patuh program pengobatan
•Nutrisi adekwat
•Pola hidup sehat
•Dukungan psikososial
•Universal precaution

SELAMA PROGRAM ART


Dokter
Ahli gizi Konselor

Farmasi ODHA

Relawan
Perawat sosial
Perawatan
paliatif
SEBAGAI TIM,
PERAWAT HARUS:
•Partisipasi aktif
•Memberikan in-put untuk
meningkatkan kualitas layanan
•Konsultasi dengan anggota tim lain
•Saling memberi dukungan
pada sesama perawat
TUJUAN KEPERAWATAN
DALAM PERAWATAN KOMPREHENSIF

•Menurunkan morbidity dan mortality


•Meningkatkan QoL
•Memberikan asuhan keperawatan
•Prenvention
PERAN PERAWAT DALAM
PERAWATAN KOMPREHENSIF

•Perawatan kronik
•Perawatan akut
•Promosi dan pendidikan kesehatan
•Pencegahan penyakit
•Perawatan paliatif
•Dukungan mental
•Advokasi
•Manajemen rujukan
TATALAKSANA HIV KRONIS

Testing and counseling


Health monitoring
Symptom management
Medication adherence monitoring
Health promotion/patient education
Empowering patients to make their own choices
PERAN PERAWAT DALAM PERAWATAN AKUT

*Melakukan pengkajian tentang tanda dan gejala/


staging
•Memberikan intervensi Non-pharmacologic
•Bijaksana dalam merespon pengobatan
komplementer ODHA
•Monitoring program pengobatan
Nursing Roles in Health Promotion
and Education

• Teach health promotion


• Promote healthy practices that prolong the asymptomatic
stage, reduce HIV-related conditions, and avoid behaviors
that can transmit HIV
• Assess and use patient’s and family members’ current
knowledge as the basis for teaching
Nursing Roles in Prevention for Patients

• Assess
• Identify risks for HIV infection
• Intervene
• Counsel on the benefits of HIV testing
• Educate on HIV transmission and risk reduction
• Refer those testing HIV-positive to care and support
• Educate those testing HIV-negative about prevention
Nursing Roles in Disease Prevention in the Clinical Setting

• Reduce transmission of infection


• Practice standard precautions at work
• Model optimum standard precautions and
advise colleagues on proper use
• Know the postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)
protocol of the health facility
• Encourage implementation of PEP if needed
Nursing Roles in Mental
Health
• Psychological or mood disorders are
common in patients with HIV
• Nurses can assess and intervene on a
variety of mental health issues
Nursing Roles in Patient Support/Advocacy

• Identify needs (along with the patient and family) and refer to
appropriate services within the clinical or community setting
• Advocate for patient when needed
• Support patient’s achievement of needs, such as informing
patient of cost-sharing schemes
Nursing Roles in Referral Management

• A functional referral system with links to other


facilities/services and feedback is critical to serve all the
comprehensive care needs of patients
• Examples of services include community- and home-based
services and PLHA support groups
• A referral system should include feedback to the referring
clinician to determine if the patient’s needs were met
Nursing Roles in Palliative Care
and End-of-Life Care

• Palliative care begins at the time of diagnosis and provides


comfort and symptom management throughout life
• End-of-life care is focused on assisting the patient and family
to have the highest quality of life possible
Nursing Roles in Documenting Care

• Complete and accurate documentation of the nursing care


provided during each patient visit contributes to quality
service delivery
• Recording assessment findings and interventions over time is
required to manage HIV/AIDS as a chronic disease
Nursing Roles Realized:
Four Steps for “Getting It Right”

• Make time for the patient


• Use an open, supportive,
nonjudgmental approach
• Maintain current knowledge
• Believe in the importance of your
role
Importance of Nursing Roles in Care of PLHA

• Some nurses may feel their role is unimportant or they are


“just nurses”
• Nurses’ roles in caring for PLHA and their families are vital for
high-quality patient care and family wellbeing
• Nurses are the front line of trained health workers for PLHA

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