The Role of First Aid

Definition
• Emergency treatment given to a sick or injured person
• Emergency care or treatment given to an ill or injured person before
regular medical aid can be obtained
Priorities of First Aid
• Dangers
• Assess the situation
• Ensure safe environment
• For the rescuer
• For the victim
• Move the victim only if their life is
threatened
Priorities of First Aid
• Is victim responsive ?
• Shake and shout
• Lateral / recovery position
• Call for help (ambulance, others)
• Check for ABCD Shock
Priorities of First Aid
• Airway
• Look
• Clear
• Head tilt, chin lift
• Jaw thrust
• Breathing
• Look
• Listen
• Feel
Priorities of First Aid
• Circulation
• Carotid pulse
• Radial pulse
• Deformity
• Bones
• Bleeding
• Apply direct pressure
• Use protective barrier
• Burns
• Poisoning
• etc
Priorities of First Aid
• Shock
• Most common cause : • Elevate the legs
• Poor blood volume circulation • Keep the person warm
Definition of Cross Infection
• The transfer of harmful microorganism
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Parasites
• Viruses
• Can occur between :
• People to people, animal to people, vv
• Pieces of equipment
Causes of Cross Infection
• Cross infection are caused by :
• Unsterilized medical equipment
• Bacteria from coughing and sneezing
• The transmission of viruses through human contact
• Touching contaminated objects
• Dirty bedding
Preventing Cross Infection
• Best treated at the source
• Aseptic technique
• Sterilize equipment
• Rules established by public institutions
• Schools may not allow students to attend classes while sick
• Companies send their employee home if they had flu
• Frequent and thorough hand washing
Hand Hygiene
• Hands are the main pathway of germ transmission
• Hand hygiene therefore the most important measure to avoid the
transmission of harmful germs
• Hand rub with alcohol-based formulation if hands are not visibly
soiled
• Wash hand with soap and water when hands are visibly soiled
Hand Rub
Hand Wash
Incident Report
• An incident report needs to include all the essential information
about the accident or near-miss
• Begins with fact findings and ends with recommendations for
preventing future accidents
• 4 basic steps :
1. Find the facts
2. Determine the sequence
3. Analyze
4. Recommend
Find the Facts
• Date, time, location
• Name, job titles, department, immediate supervisor
• Witnesses
• Exactly what employee was doing at the moment
• Environmental conditions
• Describe injuries
• Type of treatment
• Damage to equipment, materials
Determine the Sequence
• Events leading up to the incidents
• Events involved in the incidents
• Events immediately following the incident
Analyze
• Primary cause
• Secondary cause
• Other contributing factors
Recommend
• Corrective action
• Immediate
• Long-term
• Trainings
• Preventive maintenance
• Evaluation of job procedures with a recommendation for changes
Terima Kasih
Sources
• Merriam Webster Dictionary

• The Journal of Emergency Medicine 2015 – The immediate, temporary care given to a person who has
become sick or has been injured

• WHO – Hand Hygiene : Why, How and When ? 2009

• US Probes : Risk of Cross Infection and Ways to Reduce It, 2013

• Workplace Health and Safety Queensland – First Aid Advisory Standard, 2004

• EHS Safety News America : Safety News & Training Resources for the Safety Professional , 2011

• American Heart Association, 2015