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GLOBAL INITIATIVE
FOR CHRONIC
OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG
DISEASE (GOLD)
COPD Definition
The main risk factor for COPD is tobacco smoking but other
environmental exposures such as biomass fuel exposure
and air pollution may contribute.
Lung growth
Age and
Genetic factors and
gender
development
Asthma &
Exposure to Socioeconomic
airway hyper-
particles status
reactivity
Chronic
Infections
bronchitis
Pharmacologic treatment
No respiratory
failure
Acute respiratory
failure — life-
threatening
Pharmacologic treatment