Operating System

Chapter 1
The Book

 H. M. Deitel, Operating System 2nd

Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing
Operating System
 Course Name: Operating Systems
 Credit Hours: 3
 Prerequisites: Data Structures and Algorithms
 Objectives: The objective of this course is to give students
knowledge of construction and working of Operating systems, to
enable them to understand management and sharing of
computer resources, communication and concurrency and
develop effective and efficient applications and also to
appreciate the problems and issues regarding multi-user,
multitasking, and distributed systems.
 Course Outline: History and Goals, Evolution of multi-user
systems, Process and CPU management, Multithreading,
Kernel and User Modes, Protection, Problems of cooperative
processes, Synchronization, Deadlocks, Memory management
and virtual memory, Relocation, External Fragmentation, Paging
and Demand Paging, Secondary storage, Security and
Protection, File systems, I/O systems, Introduction to distributed
operating systems. Scheduling and dispatch, Introduction to
concurrency.
Hardware

 Devices of computer system

 Tangible components

 E.g., Processors, storage devices,

and input/output connections
Software

 Programs and data

 Non-tangible part

 E.g., MS PowerPoint, Internet

Explorer etc
Firmware
 Combination of Hardware and Software
 S/w programs Embedded on H/w
 Microcode programs executed in high
speed memories
 Usually in Read Only Memories (ROMs)

 E.g., BIOS, Device drivers etc

Operating System

 The Spirit of Computer

 Communication between H/w and S/w

 The master control program that runs

the computer
Operating System
 A collection of programs which,
together, manage all the basic
functions of a computer

 That manages all other programs on

the machine

 The Resource Manager

Operating System
 A set of software programs to manage
computer resources such as the
screen, keyboard, processor and hard
disk

 The first program loaded when the

computer is turned on, and its main
part, called the kernel, resides in
memory at all times
Operating System

 Provides Interface between User and

H/w of computer

 Without an Operating System a

computer would be useless
Operating System

 The programs
 implemented in either software or
firmware
 that make the hardware usable
Examples
OS BY
 Windows 98  Microsoft

 Windows XP  Microsoft

 Windows 2000  Microsoft

 Mac OS 8  Apple

 Linux  Linus Torvald

 Unix  Bell Labs

 MS-DOS  Microsoft

 Solaris  Sun

 System 1  Apple
Open Systems
 Computing and/or communication systems
Whose specifications are
 Widely available
 Accepted
 Standardized

 Standards like Communication, Operating

System, User Interface
Types
 GUI - Graphical User Interface
 contains graphics and icons
 commonly navigated by using a computer
mouse

 Windows 98, Windows XP

Types
 Multi-user –
 allows for multiple users to use the same
computer at the same time and/or different
times

 Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000

Types
 Multiprocessing –
 utilizing more than one computer processor
at a time

 Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000

Types
 Multitasking –
 allows more than one program to run
concurrently
 Also called Multiprogramming

 UNIX, Windows 2000

Types
 Multithreading –
 allows different parts of a single program to
run concurrently

 Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000

Types
 Real time –
 Responds to input instantly
 Special purpose
 General-purpose operating systems, such
as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.
Assignment # 1
Due in first class of next week

1. Microsoft Windows History

 All versions’ names
 year of release
• Approx. 27 releases during 1983 - 2005
2. Differentiate between
Multiprogramming and
Multithreading