SURGICAL AND PATHOGENIC

MECHANISMS OF PARASITIC
NEMATODES
MMED
 NEMATODES
• GIT NEMATODES
Ascaris lumbricoides,strongyloides
stercoralis,Trichuris trichiura,Hook
worms(A.duodenale.N.americanus)Trich
inella spiralis
 Pathological mechanisms
• MECHANICAL TISSUE DAMAGE(ascaris)
• PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
• TISSUE DAMAGE BY NECROLYSIS
• IMMUNE DEFENCE MECHANISMS
• Blockage/occlusion
 TISSUE NEMATODES
• FILARIAL WORMS-W.bancrofti,Brugia
malayi,Loaloa,Dipetalonema
streptocerca,Oncorcerca
volvulus,Dracunculus medinensis.
 TREMATODES
• Schistosoma haematobium
• Schistosoma mansoni
• Schistosoma japonicum
• Clonorchis sinensis
• Heterophyes heterophyses
• Fasciola hepatica
• Fasciola buski
• Paragonimus westermani
 CESTODES
• Cyclophillidae: Taenia saginata,Taenia
Solium.Echinicocuss granulosus

• Pseudophilidae:Diphyllobothrium
latum,Spirometra
 PROTOZOA
SPOROZOA
• Plasmodium
• Toxoplasma
• Isospora
• Cryptosporidium
• cyclospora
 AMOEBA

• E.histolytica
• Naegleria fowleri
• Acanthamoeba ssp
 FLAGELLATES
• GIARDIA
• Trichomonas
• Trypanosoma
• Leishmania
 OTHERS
• Babesia
• Balantidium
• Blastocystis
• Pneumocystis
• Encephalitozoon
• Enterocytozoon