Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
ENVIRONMENT
• Conceptual Definition
• Perspective on Man-nature Relationship
• Landscape Architecture
1
Perception of the Relationship
between Man and Nature
2
Perceptions of the Relationship
Between
Man and Nature
3
Contrasting Worldviews on Man-
nature Relationship
1) Eastern Worldviews
2) Western Worldviews
3) Environmental wisdom world view
4) Islamic Perspectives & Tawhidic
Approach
4
GUTKIND THEORY (E.A. Gutkind, 1952)
I-thou and I-it
I-thou:
• a mutual adaptation between man and nature
I-it:
Estrangement towards nature
5
GUTKIND THEORY (E.A. Gutkind, 1952)
■ Western
– man-oriented
– The cosmos is but a pyramid erected to support man on its
pinnacle.
■ Eastern
– A unitary and all encompassing nature within which man
exists, man in nature.
– Nature is omnipotent, revered and man is but an aspect of
nature
10
Western Worldview
(masters of the environment)
11
Eastern Worldview
12
Environmental wisdom worldview
13
TAWHIDIC PARADIGM OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
14
TAWHIDIC PARADIGM OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
1) Tawhid (Unity)
2) Khilifa (stewardship)
3) Amana (trust).
15
TAWHIDIC PARADIGM OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
1) Tawhid
The oneness of God, acceptance of Allah - is a
cornerstone of the Islamic faith.
16
TAWHIDIC PARADIGM OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
Rububiyyah
Understanding of the system, e.g. natural system,
Fitrah
21