CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES IN

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF K TO 12
Fr. Joel E. Tabora, SJ
 SHORTCUTS IN TERMINOLOGY

• K to12
• Present 10
• Add Kindergarten (K)
• Add years 11, 12 = “Career Academy” (2)
• Pre-College
• Senior High School
• Junior High School
• K+6+4+2 = K to 12
• BEC – Basic Education Curriculum
• GEC – General Education Curriculum
 REASONS FOR EDUCATION REFORM

• PH having the shortest education cycle in the

world (14 years 6+4+4)
• Washington Accord for Engineering – at least
16 years
• Bologna Process for accountants, pharmacists,
Physical Therapists – 15 years
• APEC Trade Agreement – deadline in 2020
• UNESCO Education For All Plan of Action
 PHILIPPINE BASIC EDUCATION
CURRICULUM (BEC)

• National Elementary School Curriculum

• 1984 to 2002
• New Secondary Education Curriculum
• 1991-2002
• Revised Basic Education Curriculum 2002
• Secondary Education Curriculum
-Understanding by Design Model 2010
 ISSUES WITH PRESENT BEC

• Insufficient mastery of basic competencies is

common due to a congested curriculum. The 12 year
curriculum is being delivered in 10 years.
• High school graduates are younger than 18 years old
and lack basic competencies and maturity. They
cannot legally enter into contracts and are not
emotionally mature for entrepreneurship /
employment.
• Other countries view the 10-year education cycle as
insufficient.
GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM
(GEC)

• GEC-A (63 units for humanities, social sciences

and communications students)
• GEC-B (51 units for non-HUSOCOM students)
 ISSUES WITH PRESENT GEC

• Heavier semestral load of students

• No room for formation subjects
• Increasing professional subjects
• The variations in laboratory requirements pose practical
problems for smaller colleges with just enough laboratories
• Students not seeing the relevance of GEC subjects
• Since only professional courses that need international
accreditation are under the Washington and Bologna
Accord, some courses should have lesser subjects.
 THE CHALLENGE

• Enhanced 10
• Lessen drop outs
• Decongest to improve learning
• RBEC
• Revised Basic Education Curriculum focused on just
• English
• Pilipino
• Mathematics
• Science
• Makabayan
• But it did not “decongest” the curriculum
 THE CHALLENGE

• Challenge for curriculum designers based on

real feedback
• Don’t just push up
• Reduce – more time for independent work
and study
K TO 12 MODEL DEVELOPED BY DEPED

• A Comparative Example: Science Conceptual

Matrix
• Old RSEC
• K to 12 Model
 GRADES 11 AND
GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10 12
Scientific Method Balance of Chemical Newtonian
nature Systems Mechanics  
Sun-Moon-Earth Cell Composition Electromagnetis
System of the Atom m
pushed down to Grade pushed down to
6 Grade 8  
States of Matter Life Energy Elements in Electronics
the Periodic
Table  
Nature of Force Structure and Chemical Wave motion
Life Functions bonds
of Organisms  
Motion Genetics Chemical Acoustics
pushed up to Grade Reactions
9  
Transfer of Evolution Behavior of Optics
Energy pushed up to Grade Gases
9  
Changes on Earth Biodiversity Solutions Thermodynamic
s  
Relationships   Colloids Nuclear Energy
between living pushed down to
and non-living Grade 9
things  

OLD RSEC for Science Grades 7-

 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grades 11 and 12
Scientific method Human system Genetics Fluiddynamics ST Subjects for
Medical and Allied
Profession
Humans as stewards Reproduction Evolution Thermodynamics ST Subjects for
of the earth Food Industries
Matter: Cell Chemical Electrodynamics ST Subjects for
measurement, reactions Energy and
classification, Environment
changes Related Industries
Motion Atoms - structure, Thermal Waves: sounds and  
functions, behavior optics
periodicity
The Earth Chemical bonds Radioactivity   If 6 units for GE
courses in Science:
Effects of soil related Causes of motion Effects of SPECIALIZATION: 1 ST Subject
problems and how and laws of human biotechnology and
they are managed conservation of activities to bioethics added
(lithosphere) added mechanical climate change
energy and added
momentum
  Effects of human   Genetics 1 Research
activities to
atmosphere
added
      Electrodynamics  
      Thermodynamics If 12 units for GE
courses in Science:
        2 STS (Choice of 2)
        2 Research

K to 12 Curriculum for Science Grades

 PHASES OF IMPLEMENTATION

1. Universal kindergarten will be offered starting SY

2011-2012.
2. DepEd will begin unclogging the basic education
curriculum in SY 2012-2013.
3. The enhanced 12-year curriculum will be
implemented starting with incoming Grade 1
students of SY 2012-2013.
4. Incoming freshmen of SY 2012-2013 will be the first
beneficiary of a free Senior High School education
that will be made available by DepEd in public
schools beginning SY 2016-2017. Electives to be
offered in Senior HS (arts, music, tech-voch..etc)

Source: Briefer prepared by the Department of Education, November 2, 2010

 WORKPLAN OF DEPED STEERING
COMMITTEE FOR TRANSITION (SEPTEMBER 5, 2011)
Project Activity Timetable

1. Development of K to 12 model plan September to October 2011

2. Identification of K to 12 Model sites October 2011

3. Curriculum Enhancement (Based on the K November to December 2011

to 12 curriculum standards and
competencies)
4. Partnership with key stakeholders in the K January 2012
to 12 model sites

5. Training of Teachers Until May 2012

6. Communication and Advocacy Plan December 2011 to January

2012

7. K to 12 model, monitoring and evaluation June 2012 onwards

8. Communication and Advocacy Plan 2014 onwards

TRANSITION SCHEME FOR K TO 12
PROBLEMS WITH TRANSITION SCHEME

• Too late to make transition compulsory.

• Difficulty to find students who will volunteer to go
through Grades 11 and 12. Since this will be in
selected pilot schools, they can actually opt to go
to College. Why then would they enter a shady
Grade 11?
• Official curriculum is not yet finalized. It is
expected on November, but this may be too late
to train teachers.
PROBLEMS WITH TRANSITION SCHEME

• Logistical problems for administrators.

• Textbooks and other materials are not yet
developed and printed for Grades 11 and 12.
• Increased drop-outs due to perceived irrelevance
of going to Grades 11 and 12.
 OUR PROPOSAL

• Implement K to 12 on our own. Essentially, K to

12 is an addition of 2 years in Basic Education.
• We plan for the content of K to 12 on our own.
• We accept that performance standards are based
on the:
• Content of RBEC in 10 years
• Set of College competencies now being articulated by
CHED.
• Competencies required for specific work.
 OUR PROPOSAL

• Basically, Br. Armin Luistro, FSC has

encouraged CEAP and COCOPEA
schools to pilot K to 12 even without
legislation, based on global demand.
OUR PROPOSAL
 CAREER ACADEMY

• Not just more high school

• Not just pre-college
• Sui generis – the last step in basic education
• Pupils in 17th and 18th years of life
• Atmosphere of challenge and respect
 CAREER ACADEMY

• Choose careers with educational implication

• Some need two years (Pre-work stream)
• Some need two years plus college (Pre-
college stream)
• “Minus 2” or “Plus 2”
 CAREER ACADEMY

• “It provides the professional and human

education necessary for the practice of chosen
careers either immediately after graduation or
after further tertiary education, depending on
the career chosen”
• Completion is attested to by a certificate or
diploma issued by or with permission of the
DepEd
 CAREER ACADEMY

• Career Tracks
• Achievement tests advisory
• Tracks chosen by the pupils and their
parents
• Preparation for life
• Work
• Marriage life
• Atmosphere: Young adults
 SCHOOLS WITH GRADES 11 AND 12
CURRICULUM DEVELOPED
• Ateneo de Naga University
• Career Academy for Entrepreneurship Program
• San Carlos University
AN EXAMPLE: CAREER ACADEMY FOR TRAVEL
AND TOURISM
• PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: The Certificate of
Achievement in Travel and Tourism is a two-year
Career Academy program. This program will allow
students to exit with knowledge and job skills
necessary to qualify for immediate employment
in a travel agency, tour company, or airline
customer service position, or to continue on to
fulfil their bachelor's degree requirements.
AN EXAMPLE: CAREER ACADEMY FOR TRAVEL
AND TOURISM
• Jesuit Core Courses – 12 units
• General Education – 24 units
• Career Specialization Courses – 24 units
• Career Skills Development Courses – 10 units

• 70 total credit units

 Credit Units Pay Units
Course
Course Title
Code Hours/Wee
Lecture Lab Total k
  Jesuit Core Courses        
  History of Salvation 3 0 3 3
  Christology 3 0 3 3

  Philosophy of the Human Person and Society 3 0 3 3

  Christian Vocation: Marriage and Family Life 3 0 3 3

  Sub-total 12 0 12 12
  General Education        
Computer Literacy and Office Productivity
  Tools 0 3 3 3
  Basic Algebra 3 0 3 3
  General Psychology 3 0 0 3
  Citizenship Education 3 0 3 3

Fundamentals of Environmental Science (With

  Eco-Tourism) 3 0 3 3
  Philippine History 3 0 3 3
  Business English 1 3 0 3 3
  Business English 2 3 0 3 3
  Sub-total 21 3 24 24
 Credit Units Pay Units
Course
Course Title
Code Hours/Wee
Lecture Lab Total k
  Career Specialization Courses        

  Principles of Tourism (Introduction to Tourism) 3 0 3 3

  Principles of Safety, Hygiene and Sanitation 3 0 3 3

  Methodology of Guiding 6 0 6 6
  Selling Destinations 3 0 3 3
  Career and Customer Service Skills 3 0 3 3
  Airline Reservations and Ticketing 3 0 3 3
  Travel and Tour Operations 3 0 3 3
  Sub-total 24 0 24 24
  Career Skills Development Courses        
  First Aid Course 2 2 4 4
  Supervised Industry Exposure 0 6 6 9
  Sub-total 2 8 10 13
  TOTAL 59 11 70 73
AN EXAMPLE: CAREER ACADEMY FOR TRAVEL
AND TOURISM

• Pre-College (36)
• General Education leading to College (24)
• Some Electives, career required
• Advanced Math
• Advanced Science
• Advanced English Literature
• Mission-determined courses (12)
• Marriage and Family Life
 Curriculum Outline for Career Academy for Travel and Tourism

Credit Units Pay Units

Course
Course Title Lectur Hours/Wee
Code
e Lab Total k
   Second Semester,
First Semester, Grade
Grade 1111             
  Christology 3 0 3 3
  History of Salvation 3 0 3 3
  Philippine History 3 0 3 3
  Computer Literacy1 and Office
Business English 3 0 3 3
   Productivity
MethodologyTools
of Guiding 06 30 36 3
6
  Basic
CareerAlgebra
and Customer Service Skills 33 00 33 3
  General Psychology Sub-total 18
3 00 18
3 18
3
Desired Competencies:
Principles effective
of Tourism (Introduction to
  workplace
Tourism) communication (technical 3 0 3 3
writing, answering the phone etc);
Principles
develop andof Safety, Hygiene
maintain and
the general
  Sanitation
knowledge required by guides; 3 0 3 3
  determine the job qualifications,Sub-total 15 3 18 18
attitudes,Competencies:
Desired work habits andPerform
personal
qualities necessary
computer operations;toobserve
functionpersonal
satisfactorily
and workplacewith otherpractices;
hygiene individuals and
in organization
observe health, in the hospitality
safety and security
industry; demonstrate
practices; develop and good
updatecustomer
tourism
relationsknowledge.
industry skills. Major Output:
  Prepare and present tour        
commentaries or activities.
         
 WHAT TO GAIN FROM THE K TO 12?

• Facilitate an accelerated economic growth.

• Facilitate mutual recognition of Filipino graduates
and professionals in other countries.
• A better educated society provides a sound
foundation for long-term socio-economic
development.
• Several studies have shown that the improvements in
the quality of education will increase GDP growth by
as much as 2%. Studies in the UK, India and US show
that additional years of schooling also have positive
overall impact on society.
 WHAT TO GAIN FROM CAREER
ACADEMIES?
• Courses in academic subjects include material
specifically related to the academy’s career theme,
which makes them more interesting.
• Student’s interest is further aroused by immediate
connections between the program and the real
world.
• Adults working in the field serve as mentors for
students, introducing them to settings in which they
might work and helping them plan their careers.
 WHAT TO GAIN FROM CAREER
ACADEMIES?
• Career Academy approach is essentially flexible and
adaptable to local needs, capacities and
circumstances, rather than rigid and prescriptive,
demonstrating that the approach can work in a wide
variety of school and community settings.
• Career Academies would increase the likelihood of
students graduating on time. CA will also increase
vocational course-taking for these students without
reducing their likelihood of completing a basic core
academic curriculum.
 CHALLENGE TO IMPLEMENT K TO 12 IN CEAP
SCHOOLS

• With existing colleges or high schools

• Stand alone
• Minus 2 would be attractive to many
• Work would allow them
• To help their families
• To earn their way through college
 CHALLENGE TO IMPLEMENT K TO 12 IN CEAP
SCHOOLS

• Plus 2 ensures better college experience

• Better Tertiary-Level General Education
• Better Professional Training
• Will foster learning beyond the four walls of
the classroom. Not just theory but applied
knowledge.
• Develop K to 12 curriculum in Basic Education
DAGHANG SALAMAT!