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SYSTEM
1
Inert Gas System
I hope this
A visual demonstration
works!
Aalborg Industries
2
Introduction
The combustion & explosion of petroleum
gasses, the corrosion of steel occur only
when oxygen is present
The object of the Inert Gas System is to
reduce the oxygen content in the cargo
tanks to below 8%, well below the
Explosion Limit of 11.5%
4
The Inert Gas System
Theinert gas system washes
& cools the boiler exhaust
gases to produce an inert
gas with a typical make-up
of:
Oxygen: 2 – 4%
Carbon Dioxide: 12 – 14%
Nitrogen: 80%
5
The Inert Gas System
Alternatively
an inert gas generator
may be used when:
6
Inert Gas Generator
7
The picture represents a standard Inert Gas Generator (FU Type)
complete with air fans, fuel pumps, deck water seal and P/V breaker
8
The Inert Gas System
Regulationsrequire the
oxygen content in cargo
tanks to be maintained at
not more than 8% by
volume
9
Inert Gas System Schematic
10
Inert Gas System Schematic
11
Inert Gas Scrubber System
Refer to Handout Notes
12
Gas Pressure Regulation Valves
(Refer to handout notes)
13
Re-circulating Arrangement
to regulate the flow of inert gas to the IG deck main
14
Deck Water Seal
This is the principle
barrier in the system
A water trap is fitted
which permits inert gas
to be delivered to the
deck main but prevents
any back flow of cargo
gas
Even when the IG plan is
shut down
15
Deck Water Seal
17
Instrumentation & Alarms
Certain instruments both fixed & portable, are required for
the safe and effective operation of an Inert Gas system.
It is desirable that all such instruments should be
calibrated to a consistent system of units
Certain automatic alarms and/or shutdown devices are
also required to give visible and audible warnings and to
shut down various components of the system
Clear instructions should be provided for operating,
calibrating & testing all instruments and alarms
The following list gives some details of these instruments
and alarms
18
Instrumentation & Alarms
Scubber Water Supply:-
A low flow or pressure alarm should be fitted to give warning
of inadequate water supply. This should be connected
with an automatic device to shut down the Inert Gas
blower(s). Low and/or High level alarms may also be fitted
to the scrubber water seal.
19
Instrumentation & Alarms
Blower Discharge Pressure:-
A pressure gauge should be fitted, and also an alarm to
indicate blower failure
20
Instrumentation & Alarms
Deck Water Seal:-
Depending on the type fitted, a low water level indicator and
an alarm indicating low water level and/or low
flow/pressure of water supply should be fitted
Inert Gas Deck Main Pressure
Instrumentation should be fitted to monitor and record
continuously the gas pressure in the Deck Main, located
on the forward side of the deck isolating valve. One or
more low pressure alarms should be fitted.
Automatic shut down of the cargo pumps in the event of low
Inert Gas deck pressure may also be fitted
21
Instrumentation & Alarms
Control System:-
Failure of the automatic control system power supply
should be indicated by an alarm
The siting of the various indicators and alarms will depend
on the particular design but it is strongly recommended
that the appropriate indicators and alarms are sited so
as to be readily at hand for the Duty Engineer
It is strongly recommended that the IG oxygen content and
deck pressure indicators are duplicated in the CCR. An
IG deck pressure indicator should also be fitted on the
Bridge.
22
Portable Instruments
Oxygen Analysers:-
Suitable for monitoring the oxygen content of the cargo
tank atmosphere should be provided
23
Portable Instruments
Hydrocarbon Gas Indicators:-
Which are calibrated for use in an oxygen deficient
atmosphere may also b used after a purging operation
to measure the hydrocarbon gas content of an inert
atmosphere
24
When do you test (just as an
aside)
25
COSWP
CHAPTER 17
ENTERING
ENCLOSED OR
CONFINED SPACES
26
COSWP
17.1.2 The atmosphere of any enclosed
or confined space is potentially
dangerous. The space may be deficient in
oxygen and/or contain flammable or toxic
fumes, gases or vapours. Where possible,
alternative means of working which avoid
entering the space should be found.
27
COSWP
17.1.3 Should there be any unexpected
reduction in or loss of the means of ventilation of
those spaces that are usually continuously or
adequately ventilated then such spaces should
also be dealt with as dangerous spaces.
17.1.4 When it is suspected that there could be
a deficiency of oxygen in any space, or that toxic
gases, vapours or fumes could be present, then
such a space should be considered to be a
dangerous space.
28
What do you look for?
Oxygen levels
Flammable gasses
Toxic gasses
29
The Use of Gas Measuring
Instruments C.D.L. = Critical Dilution Line
Oxygen Analyser
Oxygen Analyser
Oxygen Analyser
Oxygen Analyser/Hyrocarbon meter
Oxygen Analyser/Explosimeter/Draeger
tube
Explosimeter 30
Measurement of Flammability and
Gas Concentration
Description Principle Measurement
31
Measurement of Flammability and Gas
Concentration
In addition to the instruments just mentioned
there are several different manufaturer’s
models making use of the same principles.
32
Gas Measuring Instruments
The basic type of instruments in use on vessels are covered in
pages 23 – 28 inc’l of your handout together with their generic
description and the manufacturer’s name, type & model. It has to
be said that these are somewhat outdated just now
Full details on the use & maintenance of the instruments will be
given in the Instruction Manuals accompanying them and which
the user must refer to
In the handout only the principles and limitations of the
instruments are covered
By following the instrument’s instructions and subject to it’s
limitations the instruments may be regarded as relible. 33
Catalytic Filament Combustible Gas
Indicator (MSA 2E)
Operates on a Wheatstone Bridge
principle
A mixture of combustible gas & air is
drawn over the hot sensor element
The gas oxidises on the hot filament
and makes it hotter (heat in =
endothermic reaction)
This increases it’s resistance and this
change in resistance (measureable)
provides a measure of the gas
concentration
34
Catalytic Filament Combustible Gas
Indicator (MSA 2E)
LIMITATIONS:-
Calibrated to read 0 – 100% LFL only,
thereore suitable for this range only
Gas specific
Non interchangeable with
other manufacturer
products
Extension hose (if used) to
be fixed between glass
tube & hand pump 44
Draeger Tubes
LIMITATIONS (continued)
48
Tank Atmosphere Control
Definitions of Tank Atmospheres
Atmosphere C (Inert). Is an
atmosphere made & maintained non-
flammable by the introduction of inert gas
and the resulatant overall reduction of
oxygen content.
For the purpose of tank cleaning the tank
atmosphere (oxygen content) should not
exceed 8% by volume
50
Tank Atmosphere Control
Definitions of Tank Atmospheres
51
Inert Gas Procedures
General Policy of Tank Atmosphere Control
52
Inert Gas Procedures
General Policy of Tank Atmosphere Control
From a gas free condition the tanks should be inerted prior to the loading of
cargo until the tanks have an oxygen content of less than 8% by volume
On completion of inerting all the tanks are to be pressurised to a minimum of
100mm water guage and also kept common with the gas main
A positive pressure being maintained on all tanks by topping up with IG as
necessary
54
Inert Gas Procedures Loading or Ballasting
The IG plant is shut down and the deck isolating v/v closed, unless
loading is taking place at the same time as deballasting (unusual???)
Tank vents are opened and IG is thus vented from the tank as cargo
or ballast is loaded into the tank
During loading “closed ullaging” is used 55
Inert Gas Procedures Loaded / Ballast Passage
59
Inert Gas Procedures
Tank Washing including
COW
indicator
If toxic gasse such as benzene or hydrogen sulphide are
Product Tankers:-
66
Pyrophoric Deposits
Rust Patches
Reacts with Sulphur in IG
Iron Oxide
Iron Sulphide
69