43.

A key difference between the terms “psychological testing”

and “psychological assessment”’ is that psychological testing
refers to a process that:
a. Is more technician like than psychological assessment
b. Was first described by Maloney and Ward in the mid-1970’s
c. Is much broader in scope than psychological assessment
d. Involves more problem solving than psychological assessment
• Psychological testing "An objective and standardized measure of a
sample of behaviour"
• Psychological assessment. "An extremely complex process of solving
problems (answering questions) in which psychological tests are often
used as one of the methods of collecting relevant data"
44. A five point Likert scale is most likely to
commit:
a. Severity error b. Random error c. Central tendency error d. Halo effect

A severity error may involve rating the severity of a problem below the
real potential impact, leading to an insufficiently fast or thorough
response, or rating the severity higher than is justified, leading to the
waste of resources expended through overkill, and a loss of perceived
reliability on the part of the system or rating the individual.
45. When thirty out of forty test takers answered
item no.7 correctly said statement is describing:
a. Item difficulty b. Validity of the item c. Item discrimination
d. Reliability of the item

• Item difficulty is the percentage of students who answered a

test item correctly. This means that lowitem difficulty values (e.g., 28,
56) indicate difficultitems, since only a small percentage of students
got theitem correct.
46. Which is true about the Army Alpha test?
a. Its correlation with the SB is unacceptable
b. It was developed for use in a matter of weeks
c. It was designed for the use of illiterate recruits
d. Its correlation with officer ratings were unacceptable

The first test, the Alpha, was a written test made up of true/false and multiple-
choice questions that assessed things like the ability to follow directions,
arithmetic, and analogies. The Army Alpha test was distributed to determine
whether draftees could read English, but also to evaluate soldiers so that they
could be assigned to tasks or training in alignment with their abilities. Psychologists
aimed to make the tests fairly comparable. Soldiers were given a letter grade and
those who received the lowest grade were deemed unfit for service. The men who
received a letter grade higher were given simple duties. The men who received
scores in the middle of the distribution performed regular soldier duties. Those
with higher scores were trained as officers.
47. 47. The test developer please refer to item 50
is influenced by the theory of:
a. Rotter b. Beck c. Rogers d. Bandura

• Bandura's social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1977,1982).

48. 48. A psychological report should
a. Use jargon
b. Be read only by the client
c. Be at least ten pages long
d. Directly and adequately answer the referral question
• A psychological report is a report that a psychologist writes to
summarize services provided to a client. Although different
psychologists may use different approaches to organizing
and reporting information, most psychological evaluation reports
will include these components. The reason for referral.
49. The deviation IQ is based on the notion of:

a. A delinquency as a factor affecting the development of intelligence

b. Mental age versus chronological age
c. Verbal versus performance scores
d. A z-score
• Deviation Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a way of measuring an
individual's generalized intelligence. It uses statistics to analyze a
person's intelligence relative to their age. Deviation IQ is scored
based on how an individual deviates from the average IQ of 100.
50. The area of the normal distribution for a T
distribution encompasses approximately___ of the
curve.
a. Ninety five percent b. Fifty percent c. Ninety percent
d. Sixty eight percent

• The Standard Normal curve, shown here, has mean 0 and standard
deviation 1. If a dataset follows a normal distribution, then about 68%
of the observations will fall.
51. . An online “IQ” test that provides result based on the performance
on a single task, such as block design, is said to be a poor intelligence
test even if it correlates well to school success because it is said to have
low:
a. Content validity b. Reliable validity c. Criterion related validity
d. Concurrent validity
• Concurrent validity is a concept commonly used in psychology,
education, and social science. It refers to the extent to which the
results of a particular test, or measurement, correspond to those of a
previously established measurement for the same construct.
52. A senior instructor at the Air Force Academy insist that his “personnel test”
for officer candidate school need on, consist of one question: Did you ever fly a
model airplane that you built yourself? If this one item test was actually used to
select their candidates, we could assume that the test:

a. Based on informal empirical criteria keying

b. Based on formal factor analytic procedures
c. Invalid due to the informal nature
d. None of the above
• Empirical Criterion Keying - An approach to test development that
emphasizes the selection of items that discriminate between normal
individuals and members of different diagnostic groups, regardless of
whether the items appear theoretically relevant to the diagnoses of
interest.
53. Which of the following self-report inventories
include items for measuring mental ability?
a. 16PF test b. NEO-PI-R c. MMPI-1 d. MMPI-2

A self-report inventory is a type of psychological test in which a person

fills out a survey or questionnaire with or without the help of an
investigator. Self-report inventories often ask direct questions about
personal interests, values, symptoms, behaviors, and traits
or personality types. Inventories are different from tests in that there is
no objectively correct answer; responses are based on opinions and
subjective perceptions. Most self-report inventories are brief and can
be taken or administered within five to 15 minutes, although some,
such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI),
54. . Evidence of psychological testing can be
traced back to:
a. Hammurabi’s code of civil law
b. Public service examinations in ancient China
c. Selection of candidates for the Roman senate
d. Caveman challenging each other to lift heavy stones
A Brief History of Psychological Testing
• Although the widespread use of psychological testing is largely a
phenomenon of the 20th century, it has been noted that rudimentary
forms of testing date back to at least 2200 B.C., when the Chinese emperor
had his officials examined every third year to determine their fitness for
office (Gregory, 1992). Such testing was modified and refined over the
centuries until written exams were introduced in the Han dynasty. The
Chinese examination system took its final form about 1370 when
proficiency in the Confusian Classics was emphasized.
55. Which of the following is true about internal
consistency reliability?
a. It’s measurable using alternate forms
b. It’s measurable via test-retest format
c. It’s measurable using the split-half procedures
d. It measures the consistency over time or situation
Internal consistency reliability- Consistency of items in a test
questionnaire, similar items should provide consistent information if
they are measuring the same thing
56. Empirical keying refers to:
a. Empirically validating test scores via research
b. Scoring a test based on the theory of what is being measured
c.Scoring a test based on its ability to discriminate between certain
identifiable groups of people
d. Scoring a test using a scoring key made out of cardboard in which small
holes reveal the correct answers.
• Empirical Criterion Keying - An approach to test development that
emphasizes the selection of items that discriminate between normal
individuals and members of different diagnostic groups, regardless of
whether the items appear theoretically relevant to the diagnoses of
interest.