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KU ZOLIDIA KU MAHAMAD
Philosophy
Human effort to
understand the
meaning of the
interaction with understanding Phenomenon
nature
natural phenomena
that exist.
Human way in
handling a peaceful
and prosperous Role control
world. management
Philosophy
mind Recognize and understand
philosophy are men
responsibility that have been
philosophy rewarded mind to evaluate life
wisdom.
trust wisdom
Mind Heart
Philosophy
metaphysic aesthetics
epistemology
s
logic ethics
TERMINOLOGY
Plato (427-347 SM) : Knowledge that is
interested in reaching original truth.
Episte-
Ontology mology Axiology
Areas of philosophy
1. Ontology / teory of reality (existence)
a)the facts of God( teology/metaphysics)
b) the facts of the universe (cosmology)
c) the facts about human (psychology)
2. Epistemology or theory of knowledge
3. Axiology or value theory
a) ethical/ moral
b) aesthetics
SPECIFIC PHILOSOPHY
1. Philosophy of religion.
2. Philosophy of science.
3. Philosophy of law.
4. Philosophy of education.
5. Philosophy of history.
6. Political philosophy.
7. Philosophy of mathematics.
PHILOSOPHY & RELIGIOUS ISSUES
1. Knowledge refers to common matters that
are owned by each person.
2. When knowledge is structured according to
specific area, method or system, it grows
into science.
3. Philosophy plays role in solving the basic
problem.
4. The role of religion is to solve problems that
cannot be solved by philosophy itself.
FLOW OF PHILOSOPHY
METAPHYSICAL
MONISM
QUANTITY DUALISM
PLURALISM
QUALITY
FIXED INCIDENT
MECHANISM
SPIRITUALISM
TELEOLOGY
MATERIALISM
DETERMINISM
INDERMINISM
FLOW OF PHILOSOPHY
1. Metaphysic flow
Related to the fact that there is something
behind physics.
Monotism
The flow that proposes the base element for
all is the one and only.
Dualism
Flow of dualism involves policy position that
elements at hand are two spirit and matter.
Pluralisme
Flow of pluralism indicates feelings that the
basic element of reality is a lot.
QUALITY
Spiritualism
The flow that believes that the reality is
spiritual.
Materialism
The flow that believes the reality is material.
THE FLOW OF INCIDENT
Mechanism
The incident that occurs because of cause
and consequent.
Teology
Incident that occurs in the world is
because of other incident not because of
cause and consequent.
Determinism
The flow that teaches men’s desire is
not free in making important decision
but has been identified.
Indeterminism
The flow that believes men’s desire is
free.
ETHICS
Naturalism Hedonism
Idealism Utilitarism
Vitalism Teology
ETHICS
Naturalism
Men’s happiness can be achieved according to the
natural tendency of men.
Hedonism
Men’s actions are actions that give enjoyment.
Idealism
Mne’s actions are not bound with reasons but the
principle of higher spirit.
Utilitarism
To evaluate good and bad of human’s action by
looking at big or small benefit of an action.
Vitalism
To evaluate good or bad of men’s action as life
ability measurement.
Teology
Measurement of good or bad of men’s action
is based on God order.
SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE
FIRST GROUP
Rationalism
Sources of human knowledge are thought, rational and
soul.
Empirism
Men’s knowledge originates from men’s experience.
Critism
Men’s knowledge originates from world outside and
within men’s thought.
SECOND GROUP
Realism
Men’s knowledge is the best and accurate
picture of the truth.
Idealism
Knowledge is gained from the event in men’s
souls while the fact that men know comes
from the outside.
OTHER GROUP
EXISTENTIALISM
Philosophy originates from concrete men.
Pragmatism
Right or wrong of the speech, evidence and
theory depends on the benefit that men gain.
Phenomenology
Desire to understand the true thing can be
achieved by observing the reality.
Positivism
Life philosophy
Philosophy Science
Divine revelation
Autoritarianism Empirisism
Intuisionism
Rationalism
Epistemology
Divine revelation (wahyu)
Rationalisme
Autoritarianism
e.g. Ali is a man. Man is a creature that can e.g. All vegetables contain vitamins.
think. So Ali is a creature that can think. Vitamins are good for health. Thus all
vegetables are good for health.