FERTILIZER

PUPUK/FERTILIZER

Fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin

added to the soil to supply one or more plant nutrients.
 FERTILIZER

• Most fertilizers that are commonly used in

agriculture contain the three basic plant
nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Some fertilizers also contain certain
"micronutrients," such as zinc and other metals,
that are necessary for plant growth
 Classification of Fertilizers
1. Berdasarkan Kandungan Unsur Hara :
a. Pupuk Tunggal (single fertilizer)  hanya
mengandung 1 unsur hara, contoh :
 Urea --------- N
 KCl ----------- K
 TSP ---------- P
b. Pupuk Majemuk (compound fertilizer) 
mengandung lebih dari 1 unsur hara
 DAP -------- mengandung N & P
 Mutiara 16 : 16 :16 -------- mengandung N, P, K
2. Berdasarkan Proses Pembuatannya
1. Pupuk Alam  Pupuk yg tidak dengan proses2 alami. Misal
: pupuk kandang, kompos, pupuk hijau, night soil (pupuk
kotoran manusia).
Ciri pupuk alam : Kelarutan unsur hara yang rendah di dalam tanah,
sehingga ditujukan untuk memperbaiki sifat fisik, biologi & kimia
tanah.

2. Pupuk buatan (anorganik)  Pupuk yg dibuat di pabrik.

Misal  Urea, TSP, KCL, dll
Ciri : Kelarutan tinggi sehingga lebih cepat tersedia bagi
tanaman. Guna memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah secara
instant.
2. Berdasarkan Tujuannya
• Special Manure  to supply a sufficiency of
the deficient element need some research
• General manure containing all the
constituents of the crop
Cek kode Pupuk Anorganik
PUPUK ORGANIK
 Farm Yard manure
• Farm-yard manure is a mixture of the dung and
urine of domestic animals.
• The dung of animals consists of that part of their
food which passes through the intestinal canal
without undergoing assimilation;
• The urine containing the portion which has been
assimilated and is again excreted, in consequence
of the changes which are proceeding in the
tissues of the animal.
• Their composition is naturally very different, and
must be separately considered.
 Urine
• Urine.—Urine consists of a variety of earthy and alkaline salts,
and of certain organic substances, generally rich in nitrogen,
dissolved in a large quantity of water.
• In a manurial point of view, which are of much importance
among the special organic constituents of the urine are three
substances: urea, uric acid, and hippuric acid,. These
substances are all highly nitrogenous
• The first of these is found in considerable quantity in the
urine of all animals, but is especially abundant in the
carnivora.
• Uric acid is found only in these animals, and is the most
remarkable constituent of theexcrement of birds, serpents,
and many of the lower aimals. Hippuric acid is most abundant
in the herbivora..
 Is it different urine composition?
• Great differences must exist in the manurial value of the urine of
different animals.
• Not only do they vary greatly in the proportion of solid matters
which they contain, but also in the kind and quantity of their
nitrogenous constituents. They differ also in regard to their saline
ingredients; and while salts of potash and soda form the principal
part of the ash of the urine of the ox, sheep, goat, and horse, and
phosphoric acid and phosphates are entirely absent, and in this
respect more nearly resembles the urine of man. Human urine is also
much richer in urea and nitrogenous constituents generally, and has
a higher value than any of the other
• It is especially worthy of notice that the urine of the purely
herbivorous animals (with the exception of the sheep, which
contains a small quantity), are devoid of phosphates and urea; and
consequently, when employed alone, they are not general manures
 Composition of the Ash of Urines
Horse. Swine. Ox. Goat. Sheep.
Carbonate of lime 12·50 ... 1·07 trace 0·82
Carbonate of magnesia 9·46 ... 6·93 7·3 0·46
Carbonate of potash 46·09 12·10 77·28 trace ...
Carbonate of soda 10·33 ... ... 53·0 42·25
Sulphate of potash ... ... 13·30 ... 2·98
Sulphate of soda 13·04 7·00 ... 25·0 7·72
Phosphate of soda ... 19·00 ... ... ...
Phosphate of lime }

Phosphate of magnesia } ... 8·80 ... ... 0·70

Chloride of sodium 6·94 53·10 0·30 14·7 32·01

Chloride of potassium ... trace ... ... 12·00
Silica 0·55 ... 0·35 ... 1·06
Oxide of iron and loss 1·09 ... 0·77 ... ...
 Dung
100 parts of ash Horse. Cow. Sheep. Swine.
contained—
The solid
Silica 62·40 62·54 50·11 13·19
excrement of Potash 11·30 2·91 8·32 3·60
animals is Soda 1·98 0·98 3·28 3·44
equally Chloride of sodium 0·03 0·23 0·14 0·89
variable in Phosphate of iron 2·73 8·93 3·98 10·55
composition. Lime 4·63 5·71 18·15 2·63
Magnesia 3·84 11·47 5·45 2·24
Phosphoric Acid 8·93 4·75 7·52 0·41
Sulphuric acid 1·83 1·77 2·69 0·90
Carbonic acid ... trace trace 0·60
Oxide of manganese 2·13 ... ... ...
Sand ... ... ... 61·37
 COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF
VEGETABLE MANURES
• Many vegetable substances have been
employed as manures, either alone or as
auxiliaries to farm-yard manure. Like that
substance, they are general manures, and
contain all the constituents of ordinary crops;
but, owing to the absence of animal matter,
they in general undergo decomposition and
fermentation much more slowly, although
some of them contain a so largely
preponderating proportion of nitrogen
 Vegetable manures composition
Cotton-seed
Rape-Cake. Poppy-Cake. Castor-Cake.
Cake.
Water 10·68 11·63 11·19 12·31
Oil 11·10 5·95 9·08 24·32
Albuminious
29·53 31·16 25·16 21·91
compounds
Ash 7·79 12·98 5·64 6·08
Other
40·90 38·18 48·93 35·38
constituents
100·00 100·00 100·00 100·00
Nitrogen 4·38 4·94 3·95 3·20
Silica 1·18 3·36 1·32 1·96
Phosphates 3·87 69·3 2·19 2·81
Phosphoric
acid in
0·39 3·27 0·15 0·64
combination
with alkalies
 Tugas Presentasi:
• Topik:
– Pupuk Anorganik (membaca label komposisi dan
persen unsurnya disertai gambarnya)
– Pupuk yang banyak dipakai di pertanian Lampung
(tujuan penggunaan pupuk)
– Pupuk dan pertumbuhan tanaman
– Urin fermentasi sebagai pupuk