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“ A geologist must remember that accurate geological maps are the basis
of all geological work, even laboratory work, for it is pointless to make a
detailed investigation of a specimen whose provenance is uncertain” -
Barnes Basic geological mapping.
Your indispensable guides – Geological
Society handbooks
Where will you be mapping?-1
• Semester 2 - Easter: one week
residential course (Leader
Prof Eelco Rohling, March 31
April 7
• A series of exercises
involving mapping, logging
and construction geological
cross-sections from field data.
The locality (Tenby, South
Wales) will also provide an
introduction to a wide range
of rock types and a large
variety of field relationships,
sedimentary and tectonic
structures.
Where will you be mapping?-2
•Summer term weekend May 11 – 14 (Brittany
residential field course)
•Basic field skills but in an area of more complex
igneous and metamorphic geology
Where will you be mapping?-3
• SOES 2012 (M Geol, Geology Single
Honours, Geology with...., MGeoph,GS).
• First summer vacation: residential field
course at Ingleton (Leader Dr D Teagle, -
First week Summer vacation)
• This course provides basic training in field
mapping and involves the production of a
geological map of the Ingleton area.
Where will you be mapping?-4
• SOES 2022 (M Geol, Geology Single Honours,
Geology with....and Geoscience pathway for
OESS).
• Easter vacation: residential field course, Almeria:
leader Heiko Pälike
• This course provides an opportunity to map, log and
interpret a variety of different rock associations
helping to build a comprehensive experience of field
geology. The focus is provided by detailed study of
some well exposed examples of geological processes.
It also affords an introduction to fieldwork in an
overseas environment.
Where will you be mapping?-5
SOES 3025/3027
(M Geol, Geology Single Honours, Geology
with....).
• Year 2 Summer term (after semester 2 examinations): one
week course (Anglesey: leader Dr Dorrik Stow) This
completes the core component of fieldwork training. It
focuses upon the challenges of mapping in an area of more
complex geology where emphasis is placed upon the
collection and presentation of data and putting into practice
methods introduced in lectures and the laboratory.
On a 1:10 000 map, 1 cm on the map represents 100 m in the field. You
should be able to pinpoint yourself to within 10 m in the field, so when
you translate this to the map, the margin for error is 1 mm
Remember, when mapping at 1:10 000 scale, millimetre accuracy is
expected
OBSERVE
Spend some time looking at the exposure. What is the rock type? –
Mineral composition? Grain size? Texture? What structure can I see? –
Bedding? Tectonic fabric? Sedimentary structures?
OBSERVE
Observations are recorded in two
ways;
•On the field map (field sheet or slip)
•In the field notebook (information
which cannot be accommodated on
the field map – see ppt on Blackboard
- geological field work).
• Map data is also normally recorded
in the field notebook using a locality
number reference system on the
map and a grid reference in the
field notebook
•Thus you can navigate between the
two.
ON THE MAP
Barnes: Plate 1
MAPPING TECHNIQUES
Boundary mapping
•One of the main aims in compiling a
geological map
•Locate a boundary and follow it
across the map
•One of the easiest methods of
mapping where exposure is good
•Very effective in conjunction with
aerial photographs
• Does not work well if exposure is
poor
STRUCTURAL
DATA
Use compass to transfer reading directly onto the map, e.g. strike
direction
Draw appropriate symbol on map in black ink with fine pen at point of
measurement
You need to look for and record on the map indirect evidence, e.g.
•Soil colour, spoil from man-made holes, fence posts, animal burrows
•Float (loose rocks or stones which may reflect the underlying bedrock) but be wary
of fluvially transported material
Feature mapping
•Map topographic features that may
indicate underlying differences in
the geology
•Use them to help locate
boundaries in unexposed areas
•Map convex and concave breaks
of slope
Convex break of slope,
tick on downhill side
Concave break of
slope, tick on uphill
side
FEATURE MAPPING
What evidence is
there that they were
working
independently?
Examples of good practice
An exceptionally neat
and detailed map with
a huge amount of
data, many
observations but
without obscuring
critical detail
Examples of good practice
This coastal map makes good use of free space to illustrate the
style of some of the structures ‘a picture is worth a 1000 words’
Examples of good practice
Campsite bar-restaurant