Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Process
Isothermal process
dV = 0 isochoric or isovolumicprocess
dQ = 0 adiabatic process
dP = 0 isobaric process
dT = 0 isothermal process
Isothermal processes
• Work done when PV = nRT = constant P = nRT / V
final
W p dV (area under curve)
initial
Vf Vf
W nRT dV /V nRT dV /V
Vi Vi
W nRT n(Vf/Vi )
3 T1
p
T2
T4 T3
V
Adiabatic Processes
An adiabatic process is process in which there is no thermal
energy transfer to or from a system (Q = 0)
A reversible adiabatic
process involves a
“worked” expansionin 4
which wecan return all of 2
3 T1
the energytransferred. p
1 T2
In this case
T4 T3
PV = const.
V
All real processes are
not.
Adiabatic Process
•Then, when đQ = 0, dT
PdV
CV
8
Adiabatic Process
9
Adiabatic Process
10
Adiabatic Process
nR CV
0 PdV VdP
CV
nR CV C P
C P
0 PdV VdP PdV VdP
CV
Cp
where,
CV
11
Adiabatic Process
PdV VdP 0
dV dP
0, which can beintegrated,
V P
lnV ln P constant
lnV ln P lnPV constant
PV constant
12
Adiabatic Process
PV
constant
With the help of PV nRT
this can also be expressed as,
TV
1
constant
T
1
constant
P
13
for “Ideal Gasses”
2
1
2
monatomic : 1 1.67
3
2
diatomic : 1 1.40
5
2
polyatomic: 1 1.33
6
14
Combinations of Isothermal & Adiabatic Processes
All engines employ a thermodynamiccycle
W = ± (area under each pV curve)
U = T = 0 V2 V1
Slow compression at
constant temperature:
PAVA = PBVB
----- No change in U.
ISOTHERMAL EXPANSION (Constant
T):
A
PA PAVA = PBVB
B
PB
TA = TB
VA VB
U = T = 0
Q = U + W ; W = -U or U = -W
W = -U U = -W
Work Out Wor
U +U
k
Q = 0
In
A
PA
B
PB
V1 V2
B
PB PAVA = PBVB
A
PA PAVA PBVB
=
Q = 0 VB VA TA TB
ADIABATIC (Cont.): FIND PB
B PAVA = PBVB
PB
300 K Solve for PB:
1 atm
A
VA
PB P A
Q = 0 VB 12VB VB
12VB
1.4
PB PA PB = 32.4 atm
VB
or 3284 kPa
PB (1 atm)(12)1.4
ADIABATIC (Cont.): FIND TB
TB = 810 K
ADIABATIC (Cont.): If VA= 96 cm3
and VA= 8 cm3, FIND W
B 810 K
32.4 atm Since Q =
300 K 0,
1 atm
A
W = - U
Q = 0 8 cm3 96 cm3
PV
Find n from n=
point A
PV = nRT
RT
ADIABATICand VA=If8Vcm
(Cont.): A= 3, FIND
96 cm3 W