LETS LEARN ABOUT THE BASICS OF COMPUTERS

Objectives

 Preprocess Assessment
 Topic 1.1: Introduction to Computers
 Topic 1.2: Computer Architecture (Hardware, Software
and Firmware)
 Topic 1.3: Hardware
 Topic 1.4: CPU
 Topic 1.5: System Software
 Topic 1.6: Application Software
 Topic 1.7: Operating System
 Topic 1.8: System Security
Preprocess Assessment

LETS START ………………

Personal Computer (P.C.)

DESKTOP

LAPTOP
Introduction to Computer?
The technical term for a PC is micro data processor. That name is no longer in
common use. However, it places the PC in the
bottom of the computer hierarchy

•Mainframes are the very largest computers - million dollar machines,

which can occupy more than one room
•
•Minicomputers are large powerful machines. They typically serve a
network of simple terminals.

•Workstations are powerful user machines. They have the power to handle
complex engineering applications. They use the NT operating system.

•PC's : Small inexpensive, mass produced computers. They work on DOS,

Windows, or similar operating systems. They are used for standard
applications.
The PC construction
The PC consists of a central unit
(referred to as the computer)
and various peripherals. The
computer is a box, which
contains
most of the working electronics.
It is connected with cables to
the peripherals.

On these pages, I will show you

the computer and its
components. Here is a picture of
the computer:
Computer Description
Computer Architecture
Communication Uses

 Computers allow people across the world to communicate easily

Hardware –

USB PORTS

USB Cable
Devices connected to USB

keyboard Mouse

Web Cam Scanner

Output Devices

Speakers

Printers
Monitors
Disk Drives

Compact Disc Digital Video Disc FLOPPY Disc

(CD) (DVD)
Adapters (NIC, Video, Wireless)

Ethernet Adapter Video Adapter Wireless Adapter

(Network Interface Card) (Graphics Card) (WLAN Card)
Add-on Hardware
Connectors (PS2, USB, Serial,
Ethernet)

PS2 Connector Serial USB Connector Ethernet

Connector Connector
Connectivity Cables

Ethernet Cable USB Cable Phone Cable Serial Cable

 Ethernet Cables
Ethernet is a local area technology, with networks traditionally operating
within a single building, connecting devices in close proximity. At most,
Ethernet devices could have only a few hundred meters of cable between
them, making it impractical to connect geographically dispersed locations.
Ethernet devices attach to a common medium that provides a path along
which the electronic signals will travel.
Ethernet Medium
 Since a signal on the Ethernet medium reaches every attached node, the
destination address is critical to identify the intended recipient of the frame.
CAT-5 Connectivity between
Modem and PC
 Modem
Universal Serial Bus
 Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a connectivity specification
developed by Intel and other technology industry leaders.
USB provides ease of use, expandability, and speed for the
end user.

 USB is arguably the most successful interconnect in

computing history. Originally released in 1995 at 12 Mbps,
USB today operates at 480 Mbps and can be found in over 2
billion PC, CE, and mobile devices. In addition to high
performance and ubiquity, USB enjoys strong consumer
brand recognition and a reputation for ease-of-use.
Universal Serial Bus
USB 1.0 USB 1.1 USB 2.0

Released Jan 1996 Sep 1998 Apr 2000

Low Speed (1.5 Mbits/s) Low Speed (1.5 Mbits/s) Hi-Speed (480Mbits/s)
Data Rate Full-Speed (12 Mbits/s) Full-Speed (12 Mbits/s) Low Speed (1.5 Mbits/s)
Full-Speed (12 Mbits/s)

Logo
How to Check for High Speed
USB (USB 2.0) Support
 Right-click My Computer

 Click on Properties

 Click on the Hardware tab

 Click on the device Manager

button

 Scroll down as needed until you

see Universal Serial Bus
Controllers

 Expand that by clicking on the At this point you

boxed plus sign in front of should see
Universal Serial Bus
something like this:
Controllers
Software – Operating System
 Windows 95 (E.O.L)

 Windows 98 (E.O.L)

 Windows 2000 (E.O.L)

 Windows Millennium (M.E.) (E.O.L)

 Windows XP [Home/Professional]

 Windows Vista [Premium/Business/Ultimate]

* E.O.L = End OF Life

Introduction to Windows
Operating system

• An operating system is the master control program for the computer. It is

the stored information that your computer needs to operate. 

• Without an operating system all of the hardware would just sit there and
collect dust! The hardware is like your skeleton, muscles, and organs.
Without a brain you would just sit there and collect dust, too!
DRIVERS
 Drivers are a kind of language which helps the computer
understand what Hardware devices are connected and
how it works.
 Without drivers the computer will not be able to
distinguish between a sound card and a modem.
 Most devices on the computer need drivers to run.
Computer accessories, such as printers, scanners and
digital cameras also need drivers to function.
 All computer hardware and accessories that is purchased
comes with drivers either in a floppy or a CD
 Drivers can also be downloaded from manufacturer's
websites.
Control Panel
Control Panel is a part of the Microsoft Windows Operating
Systems which allows users to view and manipulate basic
system settings and controls, such as adding hardware, adding
and removing software, controlling user accounts, and changing
accessibility options.
To access Control Panel,
click on START, then go
to SETTINGS and click on
CONTROL PANEL.
In XP / VISTA, you get
the CONTROL PANEL
option directly in the
START MENU.
Add / Remove Programs
START -> Control Panel -> Add/Remove Programs

Clicking on this icon in CONTROL

PANEL gives you a list of all the
APPLICATION Software installed in
the computer.
Folder Options
START -> Control Panel -> Folder Options
OR Folder -> TOOLS MENU -> Folder Options
System Properties

START -> Control Panel ->

System
ORRight Click on MY
COMPUTER -> PROPERTIES
Device Manager

Open SYSTEM
PROPERTIES -> Go to
HARDWARE TAB -> Click
on DEVICE MANAGER
User Accounts
Operating Systems like WIN XP, WIN 2K, WIN VISTA, MAC
provides multiple USER ACCOUNTS to login to Windows and use
the computer.

To edit user accounts, click on START->Control Panel-> User

Accounts
Q&A

THANK YOU
Sushil Ramchandani.

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