Neuropathologi

1. Neuronal Reactions
2. Infections
3. Vascular Disease
4. Hydrocephalus
5. Intracranial Pressure
6. Degenerative disease
7. CNS tumor
 Neuron Reactions to injury
• Chromatolysis ( cut / damage to axon )
• Red Neurons ( due to hypoxia/12 hours )
• Atrophy & Degenerative neurons
• Necrosis ( liquafaction & Gliosis )
• Intraneuronal deposits
-( Levy, Cowdry and Negri-bodies )
 Infections
• Bacterial Meningitis
• MeningoEncephalitis (Bacterial )
• Encephalitis ( viral )
• Poliomyelitis ( viral )
 Bacterial Meningitis
• Bacterial cause
• Lymphocytes infiltrate / neutrophils
• Fever, Stiffness and unconscious

• Meningoencephalitis ...when
• Invasion into Vascular and Cortical
neurons
 Encephalitis
• Neuronophagia
• Neuronolysis
• Perivascular Cuffing
• Cowdry bodies
( Oligopdendriglia )
 Poliomyelitis
• Via Faeco-oral
• Receptor virus on Motor Neurons Cells
• (AHC and other motor neurons cortex )
• Microscopic Features :

• Neuronophagia
• Neuronolysis
• Perivascular cuffing
 Stroke / Vascular Disease
• HS ●NHS

• Haemorrhagic stroke ●Non Haemorrhagic

Stroke
due to due to
• Hypertension
• Atherosclerosis ●occlusionof blood
vessel
• Leakage of blood ●thrombus / emboli
vessel
 Hydrocephalus
• Normal CSF ( CerebroSpinal Fluid) flow

• Causes of Hydrocephalus
 CSF-flow
• From blood ( Blood Vessel of Choroid Plexus)
( Located at lateral ventricles I + II and IV )
• The flow is follows :
Lateral ventrikel (I+II)→For.Monroi→
3rd ventricle→Aquaduct Sylvii→4th ventricle→
Foament Magendi & Forament
Luscka→Transvers sinus→Sigmoid Sinus→
jugular vein→ superior cava vein→
atrium ( hearth / blood )
 Causes of Hydrocephalus
• Over production of CSF

• Obstructrion of CSF flow

• Decrease of absorption of CSF

 Types of Hydrocephalus
• Communicans Hydrocephalus

• Non Communicans Hydrocephalus

 Increase of Intracranial Pressure
• Brain haemorrhage ( HS )
infarct / Brain Oedema & NHS
• Trauma / Injury ( Blunt injury )
• Tumor / Neoplasm
• Hydrocephalus

• Cause→ Herniation ( locus Minoris res )

 Degenerative Disease
• Parkinsons Disease
• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Further details please see :
• www
• medlib.med.utah.edu/webpath/Tutorial/CNS/
CNSDG
 Parkinson Disease
• Clinic :
• Rigidity, Spasm and mask face
• Dopa minergic neurons
• Loss of pigmented cells ( midbrain)
• Levy bodies
 Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
• loss of memory
• Early onset of Dementia (30s,40s)
• Microscopic :
• Neuronal loss of Cerebral Cortex
• Neurites plaques ( amyloid Core )
• Neurofibrilary tangles
• Granular vauole degeneration
• Hisano bodies
 Neoplasm in CNS
• Astrocytoma / Glioblastoma multiforme
• Oligopdendriglioma
• Ependymoma
• Acustic Neuroma
• Medulloblastoma
• Meningioma