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Note:
PC350-8 PC350-7 and -8 have
basically same power
train.
Self Pressure
Reducing valve is
mounted on the front
line.
2
What’s CLSS
C ・・・・Closed Center Spool is closed when neutral
L ・・・・Load LS pressure
, load pressure to move
S ・・・・Sensing actuators
S ・・・・System
(1)Pump swash plate angle control Saving energy
CLSS is the basic hydraulic control which is adopted from PC200-6 in 1993 for the first time in the
world. Now CLSS is widely employed not only on excavators but also bulldozers and wheel 3
loaders. Large excavators are equipped with OLSS, so called Open center type.
CLSS structure
Actuators Color rule for hydraulic pressures
Front pump : red
Rear pump : pink
LS circuit : green
Control valve servo input : orange
Merge-divider valve
(1)variable piston pump
Front and rear pumps in tandem
which discharge amount is controlled
by swash plate angle.
(2) servo piston
Swash plate angle is controlled by
the servo piston ,whose input
PC valve PC valve pressure is generated by PC and LS
valve reduced from Pump pressure.
(3)servo piston control
LS valve LS valve
1. PC valve(Power Constant)
Pump discharge amount is
controlled by Pump pressure and to
prevent engine stall.
2. LS valve(Load Sensing)
Pump discharge amount is
Servo
Front Rear controlled proportionally to lever
4
pump Servo pump
piston piston stroke
CLSS Pump Control Principle
Unload valve: when spools in neutral,
Pump oil flow drains to tank. And when
lever moves, the load pressure (PLS)
closes the unload valve with PLS.
Servo piston stays balanced with
pressures 5:3 because piston areas 3:5
( Red : Orange ).
LS valve : PP = PLS + spring force , or
ΔPLS differential pressure = PP – PLS
Pump flow is controlled to keep this
ΔPLS constant, or proportional oil flow to
lever stroke.
PC valve: Two springs make hydraulic
power control to prevent engine stall
decreasing pump flow when pressure
increased.
LS-EPC and PC-EPC decrease pump
flow rate when the current increases
from the controller.
5
Unload & Main relief valve function
6
LS valve principle
Pump flow controlled proportionally to lever stroke
LS valve controls Pump flow to keep ( PP – PLS ) constant such as 1.8MPa in case
of PC200-8. When ΔPLS is low, Pump flow is increased and when high, is
decreased. The spring force is equivalent to the LS differential setting pressure, or
which is generated by the spring force. (Setting pressure depends on models as below table.)
PC200, 300 and 400 series are equipped with LS-EPC valve. When the controller
increases current to LS-EPC valve, LS-EPC pressure is increased to decrease
ΔPLS setting pressure, or decrease Pump discharge.
(LS-EPC current is usually supplied about 0mA except all levers in neutral ,traveling Lo & Mi operation and
L mode selection)
7
LS valve Principle
Lever stroke = Pump flow
10
LS valve movement (1)
Min. direction as neutral or small lever stroke
The yellow piston (6) is pushed to LH side by PP,. The PP flows into the large end of 11
Servo.
LS valve movement (2)
Max. direction as Full lever
The smaller ΔPLS than 1.8MPa ( in case of PC200-8) and the spring (4) force pushes
the piston to RH side. The pressure in the large end of the Servo is drained to tank 12
through the PC valve. Then pump discharge amount increases.
LS valve movement (3)
Balanced
The piston(6) moves LH( to min. ) or RH( to max. ) whichever and pump flow changes.
When ΔPLS becomes the value, 1.8MPa in case of PC200-8, piston(6) returns to 13
Balanced position after Servo stays in certain position .
PC valve movement (1)
Max. direction when PP is low, large end to drain
14
PC valve movement (2)
Min. direction, when PP is high
LS pressure
for Front pump
Front pump pressure
LS pressure Rear pump pressure 16
for Rear pump
Control valve top side
PC350-8
LS Bypass valve
Unload valve Main relief valve for rear pump
for rear pump
17
Pressure Compensation
control Principle
Pressure compensation
valve is installed in the
outlet port, or after the
spool.
The higher LS pressure
(green) is introduced in
all pressure
compensation valves. In
lighter load (yellow) side,
this pressure chalks the
passage until ΔP
becoming same on both
sides.
These same ΔPs enable
proportional flow rate to
lever strokes free from
different loads and
assure simultaneous 18
movements.
Pressure Compensation valve
If not available
19
Pressure Compensation valve
starts to work
PLS of the heavier load side pushes LS Shuttle vale and flows into LS line. The LS pressure
(green) starts to chalk the lighter load side Pressure Compensation valve until same PLS in
the lighter load side to be balanced with the heavier one.
Finally ΔPs become same in the both sides, so oil flow rates can be controlled by the spool 20
strokes free from the different loads.
Pressure compensation –
lower than other line
After 21
Pressure compensation –
inside shuttle valve
22
Pressure compensation
–for Travel ,How to distinguish
Almost all pressure compensation valves
are not interchangeable except travel ones
or swing ones.
How to distinguish each others
Numbers of notches & grooves are
different
3 notches &
2 grooves for
bucket dump
4 notches &
2 grooves for
travel
24
LS select valve
From PPC
valve
LS Shuttle
valves
LS select valve
Boom raise
PPC Hose
26
Pressure compensation –
adjustable valve for attachment
Balance on Poppet
The spool(3) is
pushed to RH side
by the spring(4) and
the spool(1) is
pushed to RH by the
spring(2).
29
Merge/Divide algorithm
Controlled by two
EPC valves.
Refer the text
“ PC200-8 saving
fuel consumption
30 “ in
detail.
Swing control function
PC200-8
When 5 seconds after all levers return to neutral position or Controller receives OFF signal from all PPC
Pressure switches or sensors of Boom, Arm, Bucket and Swing, the swing parking brake is turned ON. Once
one or multiple levers are operated, Controller sends current to Swing Brake solenoid to release the parking
31
brake. The algorithm PC200-8 is same as PC200-7 except the six PPC pressure sensors on PC200-8.
Swing Parking Brake ON/OFF
ON OFF
When the swing brake solenoid is turned OFF, the brake is engaged because pressure in Chamber(a) is drained
from Port (B)and Spring (1) pushes down Piston(7), Discs (5) and Plates(6) are engaged.
When the swing brake solenoid is turned ON, the brake is released because pressure from Self Pressure 32
Reducing valve is introduced to Chamber(a) and pushes up Spring (1). Discs (5) are separated from Plates(6).
Swing motor braking system
Swinging Braking
Braking system of Swing motor consists of 4 check valves and one relief valve. When swinging normally, oil
flows MA, high pressure to MB, low pressure opening and closing the check valve s as shown. When spool
is returned to Neutral, MB port pressure is raised because Motor is still turning with the inertia. The relief
valve is open with high pressure and MA port pressure is lowered due to lack of oil. The check ( Suction) 33
valve supplies oil from the drain line. This braking function makes Swing stopping.
Travel Junction valve ON/OFF
PC200-8
OFF ON
OFF: When traveling straightly, or STEERING signal is OFF, Travel Junction valve is OFF so as to connect LS
lines of LH and RH travel to assure straight travel, or no travel deviation.
ON: When steered, or STEERING signal is ON, Travel Junction valve is ON. Pilot pressure pushes Travel34
Junction spool to disconnect LH and RH travel LS lines. It assures good and sharp steering.
Travel Junction – STEERING signal ON/OFF
When straight travel When steered to LH
Straight travel gives same PPC pressure on both side of the spool (J) and it stays center without oil flow to the pressure
switch of STEERING signal. When one lever is stroked more than another one, PPC pressures become different, in this
case, RH Travel PPC pressure is higher than LH. The spool (J) is pushed to LH side and STEERING signal pressure 35
switch is turned ON. Travel junction / steering system algorithm is same for PC200-7 and 8.
Travel motor – min. angle
The difference of diameters, d1 and d2 or the doughnut area (A) receives Load pressure, PLS and
it pushes Poppet (5) to LH. Oil flows into Boom cylinder and PLS loses some pressure due to the
passage resistance and the difference keeps Poppet open. 37
Boom hydraulic drift prevention(3)
When Boom lever is in LOWER position.
Boom LOWER PPC pressure pushes Pilot piston (2) and oil in the chamber (b) drains to tank
through Orifice (c) and it makes the pressure of chamber (b) lower than B. The pressure
difference opens Poppet (4) and Boom starts to lower by the oil flow from B , A and then to
38
Tank.
PC200,300 and 400 -8