M K NEMA

Add. CE(Civil), NPCIL

 Indian Standard is “ Code of Practice for
Concrete Structures for the Storage of Liquids”
i.e. IS : 3370 (Part I to IV) – 1965

 Part I : General Requirements

 Part II : Reinforced Concrete Structures.
 Part III : Prestressed Concrete structures.
 Part IV : Design Tables
 The recommendations of this code
are applicable for the storage of-
 Aqueous liquids (those are not
detrimental to the concrete or
reinforcement)
 At Normal Temperatures
 Grade of Concrete for sections other than
“THICK” sections shall not be less than M20.
 A section is called as “THICK” if its thickness is
greater than 450 mm.
 Limits on Cement Content of concrete mix
Type Minimum kg/m3 Maximum kg/m3
RCC 330
Post-tensioned
360
type Pre-stressed 530
Pre-tensioned
380
type Pre-stressed
 The utmost importance should be given to
achieve highly impermeable concrete while

 selecting the ingredients

 Proportioning them
 Proper mixing, placing, compacting and curing
techniques
 The chemistry of liquid to be retained should be
considered in relation to the possibility of
corrosion of steel or attack on concrete.

 Use reacher mix

 Increase cover to reinforcement
 Use special cement (Sulphate resisting/ high alumina)
 Use impermeable lining
 As the main aim of construction practices for
Water retaining structures is achieving an
impermeable concrete, the main aim of design
of the same is to minimize the width of the crack
at the face in contact with liquid.
 This is achieved by limiting the tensile stresses
on the liquid face.
 For the sections thinner than 225 mm the limits
on tensile stresses are applicable for remote
face also.
 Other design requirements are:
• Possessing adequate strength as per IS:456
• Stability against floatation.
• Stability against overturning
• Stability against sliding
 Various loads on tank are:
Dead Load, Hydrostatic load(Internal and/or external),
Earth pressure, live load (if applicable), Seismic/ wind
load, Hydro-dynamic load, Load due to dynamic earth
pressure etc.
 A) In calculations for both flexure and direct tension (or
their combination) relating to resistance to cracking, the
concrete is capable of sustaining limited tensile stress,
and the whole section (including cover) together with the
reinforcement shall be taken into account.
Q
 ffffffffffff
 B) The total shear stress b jd shall not exceed the
value given in the Table-1 whatever the reinforcement is
provided.

 C) In strength calculations the concrete has no tensile

strength.
 For resistance to Cracking:
Table -1 of the code gives the limits on the value
of tensile stresses in concrete due to Direct
Tension, Tension due to bending and shear.

 For Strength :
The stresses in concrete shall be as per
provisions of IS:456 (Permissible Stress Method)
 For resistance to Cracking:
Table -1 of the code gives the limits on the value
of tensile stresses in concrete due to Direct
Tension, Tension due to bending and shear.

 For Strength :
The stresses shall be as per provisions of IS:456
 For resistance to Cracking:
In order to minimize cracking, the stresses in
Steel shall not exceed the value of (Permissible
stress in concrete x modular ratio)

For Strength :
The permissible stresses in steel shall not
exceed the values given in Table-2 of IS:3370.
 For resistance to Cracking:
In order to minimize cracking, the stresses in
Steel shall not exceed the value of (Permissible
stress in concrete x modular ratio)

For Strength :
The permissible stresses in steel shall not
exceed the values given in Table-2 of IS:3370.
 Horizontal BM
Vertical
Direct
BM
Tension
 Walls are subjected to:
• Direct tension due to shear on adjacent panel.
• Horizontal Bending moment.
• Vertical Bending Moment.

 Bottom Slab is subjected to:

• Direct tension due to shear on the walls.
• Bending moment due to upward pressure from
undersoil.
 Part IV of IS:3370 gives the bending moments at
different locations on individual wall panels as,
 Horizontal Moment = My wa3
 Vertical Moment = Mx wa3
Where My & Mx are bending moment coefficients
given by the tables in this part of code. Their value
depends on-
 The width/height ratio of the panel.
 The connectivity of panel with bottom slab and top slab (if
any)
 The position on face of wall with respect to the axis of
reference i.e. center line of wall panel & top edge of panel.
 w = unit weight of the liquid & a = height of the panel
 These values
GL
are interpolated
b=3.0 M Y from Table-1 of

a=2.7 M
IS:3370 (Part

c=2.5 M
X SECTION
IV)
PLAN

For Long wall: b=3.0 m, a = 2.7 m, b/a = 1.11

Y=0 Y= b/4 Y= b/2
x/a
Mx My Mx My Mx My
¼ +0.00676 +0.01032 +0.00332 +0.00388 -0.00488 -0.02352
½ +0.01452 +0.01732 +0.0082 +0.00732 -0.00788 -0.0394
¾ +0.01908 +0.01532 +0.0112 +0.00788 -0.00788 -0.03852
For Short wall : c = 2.5 m, a = 2.7 m, c/a = 0.93
¼ +0.00356 +0.00792 +0.00128 +0.00264 -0.00328 -0.01712
½ +0.00932 +0.0146 +0.00488 +0.00516 -0.00616 -0.03136
¾ +0.01404 +0.01316 +0.00788 +0.00644 -0.00644 -0.0322
 +0.00732
 Joint P is subjected to different

+0.01732

-0.0394
magnitudes of BM due to action of
R Q
hydrostatic pressure on Long & P -0.03136

Short Walls.
Hence Moment Distribution BM coefficients N +0.00516
at half depth

c/2
is required.
Mp1-Mp2 = 0.0394-0.03136 +0.0146
M
= 0.00804 b/2
Moment coefficients b
in long
c
wall to be adjusted by adding,
c
ffffffffffffffff
B Mp1 @Mp2 = 0.00365
bc
Whereas, Moment coefficients in short wall to be adjusted by
deducting,
b b c
ffffffffffffffff
B Mp1 @Mp2 = 0.00439
bc
 For Long wall: b=3.0 m, a = 2.7 m, b/a = 1.11
Y=0 Y= b/4 Y= b/2
x/a
Mx My Mx My Mx My

+0.00732
¼

+0.01732
Joint
+0.00676P is subjected
+0.01032 to+0.00332
different+0.00388 -0.00488 -0.02352

-0.0394
½ +0.01452 +0.01732
magnitudes of BM due+0.0082
to action +0.00732
of -0.00788 -0.0394
¾ +0.01908 +0.01532 +0.0112 +0.00788 R-0.00788 Q
-0.03852 P
hydrostatic pressure on Long & -0.03136
For Short wall : c = 2.5 m, a = 2.7 m, c/a = 0.93
¼
Short
+0.00356
Walls.+0.00792 +0.00128 +0.00264 -0.00328 -0.01712
½ Hence
+0.00932 Moment Distribution
+0.0146 +0.00488 +0.00516 BM coefficients
-0.00616 -0.03136 N +0.00516
at half depth

c/2
¾ is required.
+0.01404 +0.01316 +0.00788 +0.00644 -0.00644 -0.0322
For Long wall: b=3.0 m, a = 2.7 m, b/a = 1.11
Mp1-Mp2 = 0.0394-0.03136 +0.0146
Y=0 Y= b/4 Y= b/2 M
x/a = 0.00804 b/2
Mx My Mx My Mx My
¼Moment+0.00676 coefficients
b
in long
+0.01324 wall to+0.0068
+0.00332
c
be adjusted by adding,
-0.00488 -0.02062
c
ffffffffffffffff
½ +0.01452 B Mp1 @Mp2+0.0082
+0.02097 = 0.00365
+0.01097 -0.00788 -0.03575
b
¾Whereas,
 c
+0.01908 Moment coefficients
+0.01819 +0.0112 in short wall -0.00788
+0.01075 to be adjusted
-0.03565by
deducting, For Short wall : c = 2.5 m, a = 2.7 m, c/a = 0.93
b b c
¼ ffffffffffffffff
+0.00356 +0.00442 +0.00128 -0.00086 -0.00328 -0.02062
B Mp1 @Mp2 = 0.00439
½ c
b+0.00932 +0.01021 +0.00488 -0.0008 -0.00616 -0.03575
¾ +0.01404 +0.00972 +0.00788 -0.003 -0.00644 -0.03565
 Shear on a wall panel causes tension in the
adjacent wall panel.
 Shear coefficients given in Table-7 of IS:3370
(part IV) are interpolated for width/depth ratios of
long wall & short wall.
c/a = 0.93 b/a = 1.11
Mid-point of bottom edge +0.2277 +0.2515
Corner of bottom edge -0.4142 -0.4555
Mid-point of fixed edge +0.2399 +0.2694
Lower 3 rd point of side edge +0.2920 +0.3213
Lower quarter point of side edge +0.2980 +0.3236
 For Long wall: b=3.0 m, a = 2.7 m, b/a = 1.11
Y=0 Y= b/4 Y= b/2
x/a
Mx My Mx My Mx My
¾ +0.01908 +0.01819 +0.0112 +0.01075 -0.00788 -0.03565
Shear +0.2277 +0.2980

 Horizontal Moment = My.w.a3

= -0.03565 x 1000 x 2.73
= 701.7 kg.m (Tension on inner face)
Tension due to shear = 0.2980 x w a2
= 0.2980 x 1000 x 2.72
= 2172.4 kg
Both above values are for 1 m width of wall section.
 Assume a section in M20 grade with 250 mm thickness reinforced with 10
mm dia HYSD bars @200 mm c/c on both the faces & in both the
directions.
 Moduler ratio m=2800/fck
 h = 25 cm, d = 22 cm, d’ = 3 cm, n = 12.5 cm
 b= 100 cm, Ast = Asc = 3.927 cm2
 Area of transformed section = (m-1)(Ast + Asc) + (b x h)
= 2594.25 cm2
AN=(100.*h*h*0.5+(m-1.)*(AST*d+ASC*d‘))/ATRN
INA=(100.*(AN**3+(h-AN)**3)/3.0)+(m-1.)*(ASC*(AN-d;)**2+AST*(d-AN)**2)

INA = 138714.22 cm4

 Tensile force
Actual stress due to direct tension, t.  fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
Area of transformed ffff section
BMB y
ffffffffffffffffffffffff
Actual tensile stress due to bending,. ct 
I NA

The stresses should satisfy the following condition,

Interaction=(BEN/t)+(TEN/ ct )

Where, t and ct are permissible stresses of concrete in Direct Tension

and bending tension respectively as per Table-1 of IS:3370 Part-II
 Tensile force
Actual stress due to direct tension, t.  fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
Area of transformed section
2172.4
fffffffffffffffffffffffff kg
ffffffffffff
  0.837 2 ffff
2594.25 cm BMB y
ffffffffffffffffffffffff
Actual tensile stress due to bending,. ct 
701.7B 100B 12.5
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff kg
ffffffffffff I NA
 6.323
138714.22 cm 2
The stresses should satisfy the following condition,

0.837
fffffffffffffffff 6.323
fffffffffffffffff
  0.442 < 1 Hence ok
12 17

Where, t and ct are permissible stresses of concrete in Direct Tension

and bending tension respectively as per Table-1 of IS:3370 Part-II
 Similar methodology has to be adopted for
design of Short wall & Base Slab.

 The safety should be ensured in Empty Tank

condition also.

 Joints shall be appropriately provided and

designed as per the provisions of Part-I of
IS:3370.
 Joints are categorized as:
a. Movement Joint
1. Contraction Joint
2. Expansion Joint
3. Sliding Joint
b. Construction joint

c. Temporary open joint

 Joints are categorized as:
a. Movement Joint
1. Contraction Joint
2. Expansion Joint
3. Sliding Joint
b. Construction joint

c. Temporary open joint

 Joints are categorized as:
a. Movement Joint
1. Contraction Joint
2. Expansion Joint
3. Sliding Joint
b. Construction joint

c. Temporary open joint

 Joints are categorized as:
a. Movement Joint
1. Contraction Joint
2. Expansion Joint
3. Sliding Joint
b. Construction joint

c. Temporary open joint

 C.1 One-Way Construction
The crack width wc due to flexural tension should be calculated using
Gergely-Lutz formula.
 wc = 0.076 (h2/h1) fs (dc Atc)1/3x10 -3

 where wc is the maximum probable crack width (inches),

 h2 is the distance from neutral axis to the tension fibre (inches),
 h1 is the distance from neutral axisto the reinforcing steel (inches),
 fs is the reinforcing steel stress (ksi),
 dc is the thickness of cover from tension fibre to centre of bar closest
thereto (inches),
 Atc = 2 dc s = area of concrete symmetric with reinforcement divided by
number of bars (sq.in.), and s is the spacing of bar (inches).
 C.2 Two-Way Construction
There are limitations in correct estimation of crack width for two-way
slabs/walls. However, based on the present state-of-art the following
expression may be used
 wc = K b ‘ fs (MI)½,
 where,
 MI = fx sy /px (C.3)
 fs = 40% of design yield strength fy (ksi),
 fx = diameter of bar in direction x to the concrete outer fibres
(inches).
 sy = reinforcement spacing in perpendicular direction y,inches
 x = direction for which the crack control check is to be made,
px = Asx /Atx,
 Asx = area of tensile reinforcement per unit width in direction
x(sq. inches),
 Atx = concrete stress area in direction x
 = 12 (2 cx + fx ) (sq. inches), and
 cx = clear cover to steel bar in direction x (inches).
 The value of coefficient K in equation could be taken as 2.8 x 10 -5
for fixed slab with uniformly distributed loading.
 For simply supported slab it is 4.48 x 10 -5.
 For partial fixity, K is taken between 2.8 x 10 -5 and 4.48 x 10 -5, but
closer to the lower value.
 The value of b ‘ varies from 1.20 to 1.35. To simplify calculations '
may be taken as 1.30.
 For The detail of these expression refer
RCC by R Park & T.Paulay