Figure.

The circuit for detecting the car going the wrong way down the one way street.
Click on a car to see the animation for the car going in the direction that the car is pointing
in. The P and Q signals are connected to the P and Q inputs of the circuit and the green
light is connected to the output. Watch when this light changes to red. Whilst you are
looking at the animation try to follow the signals propagating through the circuit using the
rules for the gates. When you want to return here click the browser's BACK button.
https://www.radiolocman.com/shem/schematics.html?di=31250
 Starter
• Identify the symbol
A
Y
B

A
OR Y
B
This Boolean expression belongs to :
Identify the truth table

Y = A • B = AB

AND gate Y = A and B

 Lesson Objectives

 Understand the Basic Digital Circuits

 Learn the basics of Combinational Circuits

 Understand the operation of adder and

multiplexer circuits with real life applications

 Build and test a combinational logic circuit that
P5 has three input variables

Evaluate and minimize a three input combinational

M3 logic circuit containing three gates.
 Digital Circuits
• Digital circuits uses discrete signals (0 or 1) to
produce the desired output (or function).

Combinational Circuit Sequential Circuit

 Combinational Circuits
• These are logic circuits in which output depends on
the values of present inputs only.
• Thus output is produced based on the present input
conditions .
• No previous input history required. i.e. no memory is
involved.
Combinational logic Sequential logic
3cw – 52ccw – 20cw
Combinational Logic Circuits

Adder /Subtractor
Examples
Multiplexer

Encoder

Code Converter
(Binary, BCD to 7-segment)
Combinational Circuit :
Design procedure
 Half adder
• Half adder is a logic circuit that adds two bits
at a time.
• It has two inputs A and B and two outputs
sum(s) and carry(c).

Inputs
Outputs

Fig: Half adder schematic

 Inputs Outputs

A B Sum (S) Carry (C)

0 0 0 0

0 1 1 0

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 1

Table: Truth Table of Half Adder

Fig 2 : Half Adder Circuit
 Full Adder
• It is a logic circuit that adds three bits at a time.
• Two bits are input bits and third bit is carry out
from previous stage(adder).

Figure : Full adder block diagram

 Fig : Full adder block diagram

https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/combination/comb_7.html
Figure : Full adder circuit
Table : Full Adder truth table

0 0
1 0
1 0
0 1
0
1
0 1
0 1
1 1
A 4-bit Ripple Carry Adder
 Multiplexer
 In Electronics, multiplexing means sending many signals over
single channel.
 A Multiplexer (or mux) is a device that has many inputs but only
one output. (many to one)

Out of many inputs, multiplexer selects a particular input depending on

select lines.

Applications:
Telephone….
Cable TV….
Displays…..
Any other guess ????
 If there are n inputs, M is number of select then 2N=M
 If inputs are two i.e. N=2 then, number of select lines will be …….
 If inputs are two i.e. N=4 then, number of select lines will be …….
 If inputs are two i.e. N=8 then, number of select lines will be …….
 2:1 Multiplexer

*It is a multiplexer with two inputs and one output.

There’s one select line that selects the input.

Suppose, Pressure and

Temperature are two
inputs to be displayed
on the screen.

Figure :Circuit diagram of 2:1 multiplexer

 https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/logicblocks-experiment-guide/7-2-to-1-multiplexer

https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/93096/design-a-circuit-using-only-2-to-1-
multiplexers-that-implements-the-function-of
 Select line S0 Output Y
0 A
1 B

Truth table of 2:1 multiplexer

B A S0 Y Y
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
 4:1 Multiplexer
• It has four inputs and one output line.
• There are …….select lines for 4:1 multiplexer.

S1 S0 Output
Y
0 0 A
0 1 B
1 0 C
1 1 D

Truth Table of 4:1 Multiplexer Block Diagram of 4:1 Multiplexer

4:1 Multiplexer
 De-Multiplexer (one to many)
• De-Multiplxer (Demux) is reverse of a multiplexer.
• Demultiplexer is a circuit that has one ‘Input’ and
many ‘output lines’.
• The demultiplexer takes one single input data line
and then switches it to any one of a number of
individual output lines one at a time.
• The function of demultiplexer is to enable
data from one ‘input’ to be passed to several
outputs.
• Select lines decide the output point through
data will be passed.
• A demux has one data line, N select lines and
2N output lines.
1: 4 Demultiplexer working
 1:2 Demultiplexer
• 1:2 demux has one input line, 2 output line
and one select line.

Y0= S0(bar) and D

Block diagram of 1:2 demux Y1= S0 and D
 Select line output

S0 Y0 Y1

0 D0 0

1 0 D0

Truth table of 1:2 Demux

D0 S0 Y0 Y1
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
Detailed truth table of 1:2 demux

https://www.electronicshub.org/demultiplexerdemux/
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/combination/comb_3.html
 Combinational Circuit Design Example 1
• A buzzer is to sound when the following
conditions happen:
1. The switches A, B and C are ON.
2. The switch A and B are ON but switch C is off.
3. The switch A and C are ON but switch B is off.
4. The switch B and C are ON but switch A is off.
Design a combinational circuit for it.
Design Example 2
Design a 3-bit combinational circuit that produces
output High( i.e. 1) if the input is greater than or
equal to decimal 5.
https://www.vivaxsolutions.com/physics/allogicgates.aspx