1.

Systems Integration and Inter-operability

What is it all about?
 Integration – Is a technique when the components of the
same system interact with each other.
 Interoperability – Is a technique how an application interacts
with another application.
Techniques and topologies
 IoT
 Android
 IRS System etc..
 Case study
 Use case 1: Take an example of reserving your flight. Consider you need to travel
from New Delhi to New York. Now you don’t have a direct flight. You have to travel
from New Delhi to London and then take connecting flight from London to New
York. Because you have some time constraints, you reserve your flight from New
Delhi to London in “Jet Airways” airways and from London to New York in “Virgin
Atlantic”. So that means all your passenger details got traversed from Jet Airways to
Virgin Atlantic. So here, Jet Airways and Virgin Atlantic, both are independent
application all together and while reserving your flight, your details of booking got
exchanged from Jet Airways to Virgin Atlantic in a meaning full manner, without
prior intimation.

 Use case 2: In similar lines, think of the hospital administration system, where the
records of patients are exchanged between 1 department to other department. So
here department can be linked to an application. Details of the patient get exchanged
between 1 application to another application without any prior notice.
 2.Point-of-Presence
What is it all about?
 Point of presence (POP) is the point at which two or more different networks or
communication devices build a connection with each other.
 It is an access point
 Interface point between communicating entities.
 Importance
 Remote equipment that is used to extend a network.

 A point of presence (POP) consists of the high-speed telecommunications

equipment and technologies

 Network and computing equipment installed in another firm's facility that is

used to connect to clients, infrastructure and networks in order to extend
network services.

 In many cases, telecom regulations may require large carriers to allow

competitors to set up a point of presence.
 Components
 Wi-Fi: Wife access points deployed at strategic locations such as airports can be
considered a point of presence.

 Colocation: A telecom company rents space in a colocation data center to offer

geographically distributed services

 Local Telecom: A phone company rents a point of presence facility to provide

long distance phone service to customers in a particular city.

 Meet Me Room: A meet me room is a location in a data center or telecom facility

where telecom providers connect their networks together.
 3.Inter-networking technologies
 What is it all about?
 An internetwork is a collection of individual networks, connected by intermediate
networking devices
 The most notable example of internetworking is the Internet, a network of networks based
on many underlying hardware technologies, but unified by an internetworking protocol
standard, the Internet Protocol Suite, often also referred to as TCP/IP.

 Technologies
 Wired: Wired communication refers to the transmission of data over a wire-
based communication technology. Examples include telephone networks, cable
television or internet access, and fiber-optic communication.
 Wireless: A wireless network is a computer network that uses wireless data connections
between network nodes. Examples of wireless networks include cell phone networks, wireless local
area networks (WLANs), wireless sensor networks, satellite communication networks, and terrestrial
microwave networks.
 Importance
 Internetworking ensures data communication among
network
 Internetworking involves using applications like
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to provide a
reliable stream of data transfer between networks.

 allow people and their computers to communicate

across different kinds of networks.
 Components
 Local Area networks.

 Hubs, switches and Network Adapters.

 Wide Area Networks.

 Routers.

 Firewalls and other security systems and devices.

 Caching, content acceleration and other specialized devices

 Case study
 Use case 1:
 4.Remote Monitoring & Control Systems
 What is it all about?
 Remote Monitoring (RMON) is a standard specification that facilitates the
monitoring of network operational activities through the use of remote devices
known as monitors or probes.
 Remote monitoring and control (M&C) systems are designed to control large
or complex facilities such as factories, power plants, network operations
centers, airports, and spacecraft, with some degree of automation.
 Technologies
 sensors
 IoT
 RFID
 Cloud-Computing
 Importance
 RMON controls the network by using its servers and applications
simultaneously.

 RMON was initially developed to address the issue of remote site and local
area network (LAN) segment management from a centralized location

 RMON collects nine information types, including bytes sent, packets sent,
packets dropped and statistics by host.
 Components:
 Mobiles
 Case study
 There are four important factors to consider when developing EHRs to
maximize interoperability, according to the government:

 How applications interact with users, such as e-prescribing

 How systems communicate with each other, such as messaging standards

 How information is processed and managed, such as health information

exchange

 How consumer devices integrate with other systems and applications, such
as tablet PCs
 Use case 1:
 Client / Server:
 A web browser and a web page work together if they are based
on the same standards.
 Use case 2:
 Software Services
 Software services or components may be designed to share data
or extend each others functionality. For example, a contact
management app might integrate with a sales force
automation tool to sync sales contacts.
 Use case 3:
 Media:
 A music file that plays on a portable music player.