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• There are several factors that will affect the stability of the casein micelle
system:
• Salt content:
– affects the calcium activity in the serum and calcium phosphate content of the micelles .
• pH:
– lowering the pH leads to dissolution of calcium phosphate until, at the isoelectric point (pH
4.6), all phosphate is dissolved and the caseins precipitate.
• Temperature:
– at 4° C, beta-casein begins to dissociate from the micelle, at 0° C, there is no micellar
aggregation; freezing produces a precipitate called cryo-casein.
• Heat Treatment:
– whey proteins become adsorbed, altering the behaviour of the micelle.
• Dehydration:
– by ethanol, for example, leads to aggregation of the micelles
Casein micelle aggregation
Caseins are able to
aggregate if the surface of
the micelle is reactive
Buttermilk
Yoghurt
Sour cream
Sour half and half
• Susu skim kering
• Mentega
• Keju Cheddar (Colby, Monterey J.)
Swiss
Italia
Brick
Limburger
Blue
Cottage
Dessert Beku
- Es krim (lemak> 10%)
- Sherberts
- Susu es (2-7%)
susu
digunakan sebagai dasar untuk pembuatan produk
yang bermacam-macam,
sekitar 44% dari jumlah susu yang dihasilkan di
Amerika Serikat masih
dikonsumsi sebagai susu segar atau cream.
Produk sampingan susu mencakup
jumlah sekitar 56%, dengan rincian: keju 24%,
mentega 18%, produk es krim
10%, dan susu evaporasi serta kondensasi sekitar
2%, yang 2% lagi masih
digunakan didalam peternakan, tempat susu
tersebut dihasilkan.
IV. PENGOLAHAN PRODUK SUSU
Susu Bubuk
Standarisasi
Sterilisasi suhu
128oC 2-10 menit.
Pendinginan.
Susu Kental
Penyaringan (klarifikasi)
Standarisasi (I)
Pemanasan