PROPERTIES OF 

PARALLELOGRAM

BY: GROUP 3
Nysee T. Ferrer            Frances Grace Sinocruz
Wency Marie Carrera     Charmie Vee Tibalao
Lara Mae Garcia  Cristijoy Henna Operiano
Mark Gabriel Clores      Ivan Sison
 DEFINITION
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are
parallel.

B C
Its symbol is a small figure:

A D

AB  CD and BC AD
NAMING A PARALLELOGRAM
A parallelogram is named using all four vertices.
You can start from any one vertex, but you must continue in a
clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
For example, this can be either ABCD or
ADCB.

B C

A D
 BASIC PROPERTIES

There are four basic properties of

all parallelograms.
These properties have to do with
the angles, the sides and the
diagonals.
OPPOSITE SIDES

Theorem Opposite sides of a parallelogram are

congruent.
B C

That means that .

So, if AB = 7, then _____ = 7? A D

AB  CD and BC  AD
OPPOSITE ANGLES

One pair of opposite angles is A and

 C. The other pair is  B and  D.

B C

A D
OPPOSITE ANGLES

Theorem Opposite angles of a

parallelogram are congruent.
Complete: If m  A = 75 and
m  B = 105, then m  C =
______ and m  D = ______ .
B C

A D
CONSECUTIVE ANGLES

Each angle is consecutive to

two other angles. A is
consecutive with  B and 
D.
B C

A D
CONSECUTIVE ANGLES IN
PARALLELOGRAMS
Theorem Consecutive angles in a
parallelogram are supplementary.
Therefore, m  A + m  B = 180 and
m  A + m  D = 180.
If m<C = 46, then m  B = _____?

B C
Consecutive
INTERIOR
Angles are
Supplementary!
A D
 DIAGONALS
Diagonals are segments that join non-consecutive vertices.
For example, in this diagram, the only two diagonals are
.

AC and BD
B C

A D
 DIAGONAL PROPERTY
When the diagonals of a parallelogram
intersect, they meet at the midpoint
of each diagonal.
AC and BD
So, P is the midpoint of .
Therefore, they bisect
BP each
PD other;
AP  PC
so and .
But, the diagonals are not congruent!
AC  BD
B C

A D
 DIAGONAL PROPERTY
Theorem The diagonals of a
parallelogram bisect each other.

B C

A D
 PARALLELOGRAM SUMMARY
By its definition, opposite sides are
parallel.
Other properties (theorems):
Opposite sides are congruent.
Opposite angles are congruent.
Consecutive angles are supplementary.
The diagonals bisect each other.
EXAMPLES

1. Draw HKLP.
2. Complete: HK = _______ and HP = ________ .
3. m<K = m<______ .
4. m<L + m<______ = 180.
5. If m<P = 65, then m<H = ____, m<K = ______ and m<L
=______ .
EXAMPLES (CONT’D)

6. Draw in the diagonals. They

intersect at M.
7. Complete: If HM = 5, then ML =
____ .
8. If KM = 7, then KP = ____ .
9. If HL = 15, then ML = ____ .
10. If m<HPK = 36, then m<PKL
= _____ .
 Let’s
Review!
 REVIEW: PROPERTIES OF
PARALLELOGRAMS
Opposite sides are parallel.
Opposite sides are congruent.
Opposite angles are congruent.
Consecutive angles are supplementary.
The diagonals bisect each other.
HOW CAN YOU TELL IF A QUADRILATERAL IS
A PARALLELOGRAM?
Defn: A quadrilateral is a parallelogram iff opposite
sides are parallel.

Property If a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, then

opposite sides are parallel.

Test If opposite sides of a quadrilateral are parallel,

then it is a parallelogram.
 Proving Quadrilaterals as Parallelograms

Theorem 1: If both pairs of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are

congruent, then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram .
If EF  GH; FG  EH, then Quad. EFGH is a parallelogram.
H G

Theorem 2: E F
If one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are both congruent and
parallel, then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram .
If EF  GH and EF || HG, then Quad. EFGH is a parallelogram.
 Theorem:
Theorem 3:
If both pairs of opposite angles of a quadrilateral are congruent, then
the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. G
H
If �H  �F and �E  �G ,
then Quad. EFGH is a parallelogram.
M
Theorem 4: E
F
If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram . If M is the midpo int of EG and FH
then Quad. EFGH is a
parallelogram. EM = GM and HM = FM
5 ways to prove that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

1. Show that both pairs of opposite sides are || . [definition]

2. Show that both pairs of opposite sides are  .

3. Show that one pair of opposite sides are both || and  .

4. Show that both pairs of opposite angles are  .

5. Show that the diagonals bisect each other .

 EXAMPLES ……

Example 1: Find the values of x and y that ensures the quadrilateral

is a parallelogram. y+2
6x = 4x + 8 2y = y + 2 6x
2x = 8 4x+8
y=2
x=4 2y

Example 2: Find the value of x and y that ensure the quadrilateral

is a parallelogram. 2x + 8 = 120 5y + 120 = 180
(2x + 8)° 5y°
2x = 112 5y = 60
120° x = 56 y = 12
Ingkyuuuu!