Prepared By

Ashima Goel
Shubhum Garg
 Acknowledgement

Our Group has completed the project

with the help of Elders. We have great
pleasure and honour to present our project on
“Poverty in India”.
We owe our deepest gratitude to our
Professor who helped us whenever we
needed.
 content
Classification of poverty in INDIA.
_ Determination of poverty in India.
_ Ranking of all the states in India on the basis of poverty.
_ Emerging trends of poverty
_ Pictorial presentation with appropriate data of top 5 Indian states on
the basis of poverty.
_ Causes of poverty
_ Show a comparison of INDIAN poverty with top 5 poor countries of the
world. Obtain information
from magazine, newspapers, journals, and Internet can also be used. _
Mention the steps taken by Indian government (FISCAL, LEGISLATIVE &
GENERAL) taken by the
government to reduce the poverty.
_ PAPS (Poverty Alleviation Programmes). Do you think the PAPS is
successfully implemented?
 What Is Poverty ?
Poverty is about not having enough money to
meet basic needs including food, clothing and
shelter. However, poverty is more, much more
than just not having enough money.
The world bank describes poverty as:
“Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter.
Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a
doctor. Poverty is not having access to school
and not knowing how to read. Poverty is not
having a job, is fear for the future, living one
day at a time.”
Two Ways Of Poverty

1)Relative Poverty
2)Absolute Poverty
 1) Relative Poverty
Relative Poverty refers to the Income or Asset
Position of one Class or Group of People in
comparison with the other Classes or Groups, or of
one Individual vis‐a‐vis the Others.

• The essential point here is that Poverty of One is

Relative to the Richness of the other.

• For Example, an Average Middle Class Person

is Poor when compared to the Upper Middle Class
Person, who in turn, may be poorer than the
Richer Person and so on.
 Absolute Poverty
It is associated with a Minimum Level of
Living or Minimum Consumption
Requirements of Food, Clothing, Housing,
Health, etc.

• All those People who fail to Secure Income

or Assets to have access to even these
Minimum Consumption Requirements are
classified as ‘Poor’.

• Is relevant for the Less‐Developed

Countries.
Determination of poverty

•Poverty Line is drawn on the basis of Expenditure

that is necessary to Secure the Minimum Acceptable
Living Standard for Work & Efficiency.

• Since, Food is the most Basic Requirement,thus,

Poverty Line is drawn on the basis of a Minimum
Necessary Nutritional Standard expressed in terms of
Calories Per Day.
 Ranking of all the states in
India on the basis of poverty
Agricultural Growth and Rural Poverty in India: Emerging Trends
and Perspectives

WHILE AGRICULTURE SEEMS TO HAVE TAKEN A BACK SEAT ON THE POLICY

AGENDA OF THE NATION IT IS TIME THAT THE GAINS WE HAVE MADE IN THIS
SECTOR OVER THE LAST TWO DECADES ARE NOT FRITTERED AWAY BY DEFAULT.
PREFERABLY SOONER THAN LATER WE NEED TO ARTICULATE THE KIND OF
POLICY INITIATIVES THAT NEED TO BE TAKEN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ONGOING
ECONOMIC REFORMS. IT IS ARGUED HERE THAT DEREGULATION IN CASE OF
AGRICULTURE IS UNLIKELY TO BE EFFECTIVE IN ENSURING SUSTAINED
AGRICULTURAL GROWTH. NOR IS IT TO A LARGE EXTENT EVEN RELEVANT IN VIEW
OF ITS EXISTING STRUCTURE. IT APPEARS THAT THE AGENDA OF POLICY SHOULD
EMPHASIZE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CAPITAL FORMATION IN THIS SECTOR,
PROMOTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, SOIL AND MOISTURE CONSERVATION,
IMPROVEMENT OF RURAL CREDIT SCHEMES, BETTER FARM INFRASTRUCTURE
MANAGEMENT AND REMOVAL OF RESTRICTIONS ON TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL
COMMODITIES.
POVERTY RESULTS AS PICTORIAL
PRESENTATION
Compare India with
Top 5 states with poverty
other countries
 Causes Of Poverty

• Caste System
• Heavy Pressure Of Population
• Unemployment
• Illiteracy
• India’s Economic Policy
 Caste System
According to S. M. Michael, Dalits constitute the
bulk of poor and unemployed.
According to William A. Haviland, casteism is
widespread in rural areas, and continues to segregate
Dalits. Others, however, have noted the steady rise
and empowerment of the Dalits through social
reforms and the implementation of reservations in
employment and benefits.
Caste explanations of poverty fail to account for the
urban/rural divide. Using the UN definition of
poverty 65% of rural forward castes are below the
poverty line.
Heavy Pressure Of Population
The population in India as at 0:00 hours on 1st March
2001 stood at 1,027,015,247 persons. With this, India
became only the second country in the world after
China to cross the one billion mark. ( India is the 2nd
most populated country in the world).
India's estimated population to be 1,129,866,154, in
July 2007.
 Unemployment
Unemployment refers to the situation where
the Persons who are able to Work & Willing
to Work, Fail to Secure Work or Activity
which gives them Income or Means of
Livelihood.

Those who are fit to Work but do not want to

Work & hence do not actively seek Work are
not included among the Unemployed Persons.
 Illiteracy
There is a close connection between illiteracy
and poverty at all levels--global, national, and
sub national; the countries with the lowest
levels of literacy are also the poorest
economically. Poverty breeds illiteracy by
forcing children to drop out of school to work,
and these illiterate people are forced to stay on
the lowest levels of the work force and thus
remain in poverty. Thus illiteracy in turn
reinforces poverty, and poverty is cyclical in
families. Women and girls are especially
vulnerable to the cycle.
 India’s Economic Policy
In 1947, the average annual income in India was $439,
compared with $619 for China, $770 for South Korea,
and $936 for Taiwan. By 1999, the numbers were
$1,818; $3,259; $13,317; and $15,720. (numbers are in
1990 international Madison dollars) In other words, the
average income in India was not much different from
South Korea in 1947, but South Korea became a
developed country by 2000s. At the same time, India was
left as one of the world's poorer countries.
comparison of INDIAN poverty
with countries of the world
 Poverty reduction measures, like those promoted by Henry George in his
economics classic Progress and Poverty are those that raise, or are intended
to raise, enabling the poor to create wealth for themselves as a means for
ending poverty forever. In modern times, various economists within
thegeorgism movement propose measures like the land value tax to enhance
access by all to the natural world.
Some people undertake voluntary poverty due to religious or philosophical
beliefs. For example, Christian monks and nuns take a "vow of poverty" by
which they renounce luxury. Poverty reduction measures have no role in
regard to voluntary poverty.
Poverty reduction measures and other attempts to change the economies of
modern hunter-gatherers are not addressed in this article. Hunter-
gatherers, also called "foragers" live off wild plants and animals, for example,
the Hadza people of Tanzania and the Bushmen of southern Africa.. They
have often met with failure.
 Government Programmes For
Poverty Alleviation
•Pradhan Mantri Gramoday Yojana (PMGY)
•Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)
•Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana(SGSY)
•Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS)
•Jawahar Gram Sammridhi Yojana (JGSY)
•National Food For Work Programme
•Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY)
The Swaran Jayanti Shahkari Rozgar Yojana
(SJSRY)
 At last …….

THANKYOU FOR WATCHING

OUR SPECIAL POWERPOINT
THANK YOU
PRESENTATION

TO MR