Body Movements

 There are many movements in our body , for example :

• Blinking of eyes
• While dancing
• While walking
• While eating etc.
 Skeleton: Framework of bones
The bony framework inside our body is called
SKELETON. There are 206 bones in the human
skeleton.The skeleton consists of skull, backbone , ribs,
breast bone, shoulder bone, Hip bone, arm
and leg bone.
 Skeleton holds
the whole body
together and
gives it shape

Skeleton protects Functions

many internal Skeleton helps in
organs from of locomotion.
outside damage.
Skeleton

Skeleton
provides
numerous points
for the
attachment of
Muscles of the
body.
 Parts of the human skeleton
1. Skull:
The bony part of our head is called skull. The skull
protects the brain and it also protects the main
sense organs like eyes, ears and nose.

2. Backbone:
The backbone is a long, hollow, rod like structure
running from the neck to the hips inside our body
The scientific name the backbone is vertebral
column .
3. Rib cage:
Ribs are the curved bones in our chest. The
hollow bony structure formed by the ribs is
called rib cage. The rib cage protects the
delicate internal organs like heart, lungs
and liver.
4. Shoulder bones:
Shoulders are the part of the body to which
our arms are attached .There are two shoulder
bones- collar bones and shoulder blade.
5. Pelvic bone:
The pelvic bone encloses the portion of your
body below the stomach. This is the area you
sit on.

6. Bones of the hand:

Our hand is made up of three parts: wrist,
palm and fingers. The wrist consists of 8 small
bones known as carpals.

7. Cartilage:
In the skeleton there is a material which is not
as hard as bones and which can be bent, it is
called cartilage.
 Joints of the body
We can bend [or move] our body parts only at those places where
two or more bones join together. These places are called JOINTS.
Joints help in body movements. There are 2 types of joints-
MOVABLE joints and IMMOVABLE joints. Movable joints are found in
the joint of the upper and lower arm ,immovable joints are found in
the skull.
Types of joints
There are 4 types of joints. They are :
[i]Hinge joint
[ii]Ball and socket joint
[iii]Pivot joints
[iv]Fixed joints

ng e joint
Hi
1. Hinge joint: A hinge joint allows movement of
bones in only one direction- forwards and
backwards. Elbow, knee, knuckles[finger joints]
and jaw are hinge joints.
2.Ball and socket joints: In the ball and socket
joint, one end of the bone has a round shape like
a ‘ball’ which fits into a ‘socket’ [hollow space]
in the other bone. The shoulder joints and hip
joints are ball and socket joints.
3. Pivot joints: A pivot joint exists between
our skull and neck. A pivot joint connects our
head to the neck, it also occurs in the forearm
[lower arm] and elbow.
4.Fixed joints: In some joints , the bones are
held so tightly that they cannot move at all. Such
joints are called fixed joints. The fixed joints are
also called immovable joints. They are found in the skull.
 What is a Muscle?
Muscle is the fibrous tissue in the body that
has the ability to contract and they are attached
to the skeleton.

Muscle contraction
When the Muscle attached to a bone contacts, it
pulls the bone due to which the bone moves at the
joint. When one Muscle of the pair contracts, then
the other Muscle of the pair is stretched.

I think we have studied a lot about ourselves. Now let us study about
animals………
 Gait of Animals
Have you ever seen an earthworm crawling in your garden? If yes, have
you seen how it moves ? It does not have legs like us. Let us see….

Movement of an earthworm
The body of an earthworm is made up of many rings joined end to
end. It does not have bones, instead it has Muscles which helps to
extend and shorten the body. It performs repeated expansions and
contractions so the animal can move through the soil. It also secretes
slimy substance which helps in movement.
 Movement of Fish
We might have seen a fish. But, do we know how it swims? Let us find
out…….
Do you know that a boat has a similar kind of
shape? The head and tail of the fish are smaller
than the middle portion of the body- the body
tapers at both ends. This body shape is called
streamlined.

Movement of Birds
Some birds fly in the air like sparrows others like swans swim. But, how
can anything fly? Let us see….
The birds can fly are their bodies
are suited for flying. They have hollow
bones which are very light. Their hind
limbs [legs]are used for walking and perching.
Their wings are modified fore limbs.
 Quiz
1. Name the fibrous tissue in our body. Muscle
2. What type of joint is found in the jaw. Hinge joint
3. Name a immovable joint. Skull or upper jaw
4. Name any one kind of shoulder bone. Collar bone or shoulder blade
5. What kind of bones does a bird has. Hollow bones
6. What kind of body a fish has. Streamlined
7. What The bony framework in our body is called Skeleton
8. Name a type of joint. Hinge/Pivot/fixed/Ball and socket joint
9. The place where 2 or more bones meet is called. Joint
10.What helps in locomotion. The Skeleton
Were you able to answer all the questions correctly? If yes, the I think you
understood the chapter BODY MOVEMENTS nicely
 THANK
Reference from-
YOU
Lakhmir Singh and NCERT
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