DNA TECHNOLOGY

AND APPLICATION
OPS
Application of DNA technology
 Gene structure/ mapping/ function
 Population genetics
 Clinical genetics
- Prenatal diagnosis
- Presymtomatic diagnosis
- Carrier detection
 Diagnosis and pathogenesis of
disease
- Genetics
- Acquired- infective, malignant
Application of DNA technology
 Biosynthesis
e.g. insulin, growth hormone, interferon,
immunization
 Treatment of genetics disease
 Gene therapy
 Some examples of restriction
endonucleases
 Enzyme Cleavage site
BamHI G • GATCC
EcoRI G • AATTC
HaeIII GG • CC
HindIII A • AGCTT
HpaI GTT • AAC
PstI CTGCA • G
SmaI CCC • GGG
Sal I G • TCGAC
PCR
 USES OF PCR
 Sequencing and the detection of genetic
diseases
 Recombinant DNA techniques
 Genetic fingerprinting and paternity testing
 Analysis of ancient DNA
 Detection of viral DNA
 DNA quantitation and comparasion of gene
expression
 DNA Sequencing
 Biochemical methods for determining the
order of the nucleotide bases, adenine,
guanine, cytosine, and thymine, in a DNA
oligonucleotide.
from nuclei, plasmids, mitochondria, and
chloroplast.
 Applied in fundamental biological processes
diagnostic, forensic and Human genom
Project
ABIPRISM DNA ANALYZER
STEPS
HASIL Sequencing
 GEL BLOTTING
 Technique for visualizing a particulaer subset of
macromolecules (protein, or fragment of DNA or
RNA)

 Steps :
- Separate the molecules by electrophoresis
- Blot them with a nitrocellulose filter
- Bathe the filter with a solution containing
a probe

Developed by E.M. Southern

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Genetics fingerprinting
 Techniques used to distinguish between
individuals of the same species using only
samples of their DNA

 Used in such applications as

identifying human remains,
paternity testing, matching
organ donors, studying
population, palaentology
 Genetics fingerprinting
 Is used n forensic science, to match suspect
to samples of blood, hair, saliva or semen
 METHODS
 RFLP analysis
 PCR analysis
 STR analysis
 Mitochondrial analysis
 Variable number tandem
repeat (VNTR)
 Short nucleotide sequence ranging from
14 to 100 nucleotide long
 Organized into clusters of tandem repeats
 Usually repeated in the range of between 4 and 40
times per ocurrence
 Two principal families of VNTR :
- minisatellite (11 – 16 bp repeated 1000 times)
- microsatellite (or : short tandem repeat /STR,
cannot be digested)
 Gel electrophoresis
 Separation of DNA, RNA
or protein through an
electric charge.
SDS PAGE autoradiography
THANK YOU