GROUP MEMBERS:

DARREN DOWNER
ANTHONY PINNOCK
QUEVANI THOMPSON
 ELECTRIC CELLS ARE DEVICES THAT PRODUCE
ELECTRICAL ENERGY AS A RESULT OF A CHEMICAL
REACTION.
 A CELL IS MADE UP OF TWO DIFFERENT CONDUCTING
MATERIALS ELECTRODES, IN CONTACT WITH A
SOLUTION THAT CONDUCTS ELECTRIC CURRENT. THIS
SOLUTION IS CALLED AN ELECTROLYTE.
 CELLS CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO TWO TYPES;
NAMELY- PRIMARY CELLS AND SECONDARY CELLS.
 In an alkaline battery, the cylinder that contains the cells is
made of nickel-plated steel. It is lined with a separator that
divides the cathode from the anode and is made of either
layered paper or a porous synthetic material. The canister is
sealed at one end with an asphalt or epoxy sealant that
underlies a steel plate, and at the other with a brass nail driven
through the cylinder. This nail is welded to a metal end cap and
passed through an exterior plastic seal. Inside the cylinder, the
cathode consists of a mixture of manganese dioxide, graphite,
and a potassium hydroxide solution; the anode comprises zinc
powder and a potassium hydroxide electrolyte.
 IN THE AKALINE CELL THE NEGATIVE ELECTRODE IS MADE FROM ZINC
POWDER, AND THE POSTIVE ELECTRODE IS MADE UP OF MANGANESE DIOXIDE.
 THE CAN MAY BE STEEL RATHER THAN ZINC.
 THE CELL GETS ITS NAME BECAUSE THE ELECTROLYTE THAT IT CONTAINS IS IN
AN ALKALINE .
 The Leclanché cell is a battery invented and patented by the French
scientist Georges Leclanché in 1866. The battery contained a
conducting solution (electrolyte) of ammonium chloride,
a cathode (positive terminal) of carbon, a depolarizer of manganese
dioxide(oxidizer), and an anode (negative terminal)
of zinc (reductant). The chemistry of this cell was later successfully
adapted to manufacture a dry cell.

 BRANCH OFF TO ALKALINE CELLS

 Many battery chemistries use alkaline electrolytes but "Alkaline
Batteries" usually refers to the Alkaline Manganese
Dioxide primary cells described below.
 1.5 Volt primary cell
 Most popular premium general purpose battery.
 In an alkaline cell the electrical energy is essentially derived from
the reaction of a metal with oxygen.
 The Alkaline Manganese Dioxide battery is a variant on the
Leclanché cell. As with the Leclanché cell the electrodes are zinc and
manganese dioxide but the electrolyte is Potassium hydroxide
(KOH).
 Similar to, and interchangeable with, zinc carbon Leclanché cells but with as much
as double the energy density.
 Four times the capacity of a equivalent size rechargeable Nickel Cadmium or
Nickel Metal Hydride cells.
 Four to nine times longer life than the equivalent Leclanché cell.
 Constant capacity over a wide range of current drains.
 Suitable for high drain rate applications.
 Less leakage than Leclanché cells
 Available in a wide range of sizes including AAA, AA, C, D and 9Volt sizes.
 Suitable for a wide range of consumer applications
 Made from non toxic chemical
Higher cost than the basic competing zinc
carbon Leclanché cells
Not normally rechargeable
25% heavier than Leclanché cells
RAM cells have limited cycle life of about 100
cycles and are only available in AA and AAA
sizes.