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Andrew D. Moore
Executive Director
National Agricultural
Aviation Association
Contents
• The Importance of Ag
Aviation
• UAS/UAVs in the News
• UAS Prospects and Potential
Uses
• UAS Rules
• Low-level Manned Aircraft
Hazards
• NAAA UAS Safety Concerns
• UAS Liability Issues
• Conclusion
The Importance of Ag Aviation
• 1,350 aerial application businesses
in the US; plus 1,430 additional non-
owner ag pilots.
• 18.75 percent of all crop protection
products applied on commercial
farms are done so aerially.
• 71 million acres of cropland each
year—doesn’t include pasture,
rangeland or urban uses.
• Used for crop protection; to protect
forestry; protect waterways and
ranchland from invasive species;
and control mosquitoes and other
health-threatening pests
• Allows rapid treatment of large,
remote areas; hard to reach areas
and orchards and late stage crops
without causing damage
UAVs in the News
Drone operator says he accidentally crashed
device on White House grounds
- The Washington Post 1/26/15
»
NAAA’s UAV Safety Concerns
• UAV inability to “Sense and Avoid,” Manned
aircraft’s inability to see/sense UAV
– GAO: No adequate technology currently exists
that would allow UAVs to sense and avoid other
traffic
• Security Concerns
– UAV “spoofing” or hacking
• “Lost Link” concerns
– Some aircraft have no lost link procedure and
continue flying until they hit a obstacle or run out
of fuel
NAAA Safety Recommendations
• NAAA is urging the FAA and Congress that
UAVs be required to have:
– ADS-B Out transponders
– Strobe lights
• To identify operator’s vehicle (line of sight) and UAV
– Marking similar to that required for other low-level
obstacles (aviation orange and white paint)
– Monitoring of a locally defined radio frequency
– Distraction-free operation of the UAV
NAAA Safety
Recommendations (continued)
• Pilot training:
– Commercial pilots license and UAS operations type-rating
– Reoccurring training
– Class 2 Medical
– Commercial Pesticide License if treating crops, if used for
application
• Operation within visual range of the operator (line-of-sight)
• Aircraft airworthiness
– Similar to manned aircraft, certified airworthy
NAAA Safety
Recommendations (continued)
• Medically qualified observer (line-of-sight)