Mohd Shafiq Bin Mohd Zolkfali Mohd Hydayatt Bin Omar Saprianto Bin Junaidi GR Muhammad Faizul Bin Ismail 7 OU Ahmad Syafikar Bin Abu Jauhari Bin Mohamad Jailani P Muhamad Farhan Bin Muhammad Tajmuddin Cognitive Development • Is a behavior represents another approach to understanding the effects of learning on the instigation of behavior. • In the process of learning that particular behaviors can lead to particular goals, expectations about the goals are established and the goals acquire values. Cognitive Development Middle And Late Adulthood Type of Intelligence • Fluid intelligence consists of reasoning ability, memory capacity, and speed of information processing. It involves such skills as those requiring spatial and visual imagery and is generally believed to be much less affected by experience and education than is crystallized intelligence. • Crystallized intelligence concerns the application of knowledge to problem solving. It includes abilities such as verbal and numerical skills and is generally believed to be affected by experience and formal education. Reasoning ability: • Logical thinking • Rational • Given statement based on knowledge and experience Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood 40 – 65 65 and above Memory capacity • Short‐term memory • Long‐term memory • Memory Retrieval • Memory Loss: Forgetting Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood 40 – 65 65 and above Speed of information processing: • Reaction time • Learning process • Analysis data Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood 40 – 65 65 and above Problem solving • Application of knowledge and experience to solve practical problem • Advances in expertise, or specialized knowledge • Handling life and work stress
Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood
40 – 65 65 and above Verbal ability: • Language learning • Fluency of spoken • Vocabulary and Terms of word
Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood
40 – 65 65 and above Numerical skills • Use in Career • Budget Planning
Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood
40 – 65 65 and above Middle Adulthood Cognitive Development • In middle adulthood, the cognitive demands of everyday life extend to new and sometimes more challenging situations • Middle adulthood is a time of expanding responsibilities either on the job, in the community, and at home • To juggle diverse roles effectively on a wide array of intellectual abilities • Including accumulated knowledge, verbal fluency, memory, rapid analysis of information, reasoning, problem solving, and expertise in their areas of specialization. Late Adulthood Cognitive Development • Intellectual changes result in reduction of ability to solve problems and make decisions • Decline in cognitive performance in 40% to 60% • Dementias disorders are usually responsible for cognitive defects seen in about 15% of people over 65 and older. • Alzheimer's disease that begins with confusion and memory lapses and ends with the loss of ability to care for oneself.
(K. Warner Schaie and Sherry Willis, United States )