THERMAL POWER

GENERATION
Presented by-
Jeet Sarkar
13001616101
CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• GENERAL LAYOUT OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
• MAIN EQUIPMENTS
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
INTRODUCTION
• In India 65% of total power is generated by the
Thermal Power Stations .
• In thermal generating stations coal, oil, natural
gas etc. are employed as primary sources of
energy .
• A thermal power station basically work on the
rankine cycle.
• Thermal power plant convert the heat energy of
coal into electrical energy.
• Coal is burnt in a boiler which converts water
into steam.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
• Firstly the water is taken into the boiler from a water source.
The boiler is heated with the help of coal.
• The increase in temperature helps in the transformation of
water into steam. The steam generated in the boiler is sent
through a steam turbine.
• The turbine has blades that rotate when high velocity steam
flows across them. This rotation of turbine blades is used to
generate electricity.
• A generator is connected to the steam turbine. When the turbine
turns, electricity is generated and given as output by the generator,
which is then supplied to the consumers through high-voltage power
lines.
• The expansion of steam in turbine produces mechanical power
which drives the alternator coupled to the turbine.
Main and auxiliary
equipment's
• Coal handling plant
• Pulverizing plant
• Boiler
• Turbine
• Condenser
• Cooling towers and ponds
• Feed water heater
• Economizer
• Air preheater
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THERMAL POWER
PLANT
FUEL HANDLING PLANT
• Majority of the thermal power plants all over the world use
coal as fuel.
• Coal is transported to power station by rail or road and stored
in coal storage plant and then pulverized.
• The function of coal handling plant is automatic feeding of
coal to the boiler furnace.
• The coal handling mechanism involves the following steps :-
Coal delivery Unloading Preparation Transfer
Dead Storage Live Storage Implant Handling
Coal Weighing
• A 200MW thermal power plant may require around 2000
tons of coal daily.
PULVERIZING PLANT
• In modern thermal power plant, coal is pulverized i.e. ground
to dust like size and carried to the furnace in a stream of hot
air.
• Essential requirements of such mills are drying of coal,
grinding, separation of particles of desired size, forming
proper fuel-air ratio and suitable controls for all these
operations.
 BOILER
• Boiler is a device meant for
producing steam under
pressure by transferring
heat produced by burning
of fuel.
• Steam boiler are classified
into FIRE-TUBE and WATER-
TUBE types.
TURBINE
• Steam Turbines are used
as steam prime movers. It
has high thermal efficiency
since steam can be
expanded to a lower final
temperature than possible.
• 2 kinds of turbines are
used- impulse turbine and
reaction turbine.
CONDENSERS
• The use of condensers improve efficiency of power plant by
decreasing the exhaust pressure of the steam.
• Cold water flows through tubes of tube heat exchanger and
exhaust steam fed into the shell surrounds the tubes. As a
result, steam condense outside the tubes.
COOLING TOWERS AND
SPRAY PONDS
• In cooling towers the splitting of water into small droplets,
the draught provided by the tower and the large evaporating
surface help to cool water very quickly.
• Spray Ponds consist of a tank of water in which water to be
cooled is distributed by pipes and sprayed through nozzles at
a suitable pressure. Thus heat of water gets withdrawn.
FEED WATER HEATER
• Natural water contains solid and liquid impurities. The water
can not ,therefore, be used for generation of steam.
• These heaters are used to feed water before it is supplied to
the boiler.
• Thermal stresses due to cold water entering the boiler drum
are avoided.
 ECONOMIZERS
• The purpose of
economizer
is to heat feed water so as
to recover a part of heat
which would otherwise be
lost through flue gases.
AIR PREHEATER
• Since entire heat of flue
gases can’t be extracted
through economizers, air
pre heaters are
employed.
• On an average an
increase of 20 degree
centigrade in the air
temperature results in
the increase in their
boiler efficiency by 1%.
 ADVANTAGES:
• The fuel used is quite cheap.
• Less initial cost as compare to other generating stations.
• It can be installed at any place irrespective of the
existence of coal. The coal can be transported to the site
of plant by rail or roads.

DISADVANTAGES:
• It pollutes the atmosphere due to producing large
amount of smoke and fumes.
• Higher maintenance cost and operational cost.
• Huge requirement of water
THANK YOU