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Group of Object
• We can sort objects into groups based on the
characteristics of the objects.
• For example, objects listed below can be sorted
as follows:
• a, e, i,o,u is a group of letters.
• 2, 3, 5, 7 is a group of numbers.
a 2 e
3 o 5
i 7 u
• For example, objects listed below can be sorted
as follows:
• Cat, rose, baby, amoeba is a group of living
things.
• Stone, book, diamond, light and cloth is a
group of non living things.
b) B {1,2,4,8}
n( B ) 4
•c
• 10 • 11
Universal Set
The universal set is the set which
contains all the elements under
discussion.
It is denoted by the symbol .
All the other sets under discussion are
subsets of the universal set, .
Example
Given that the universal set, ={whole numbers less
than 7}, P={prime numbers} and Q={multiple of 6},
illustrate the relationships between the following sets
using Venn diagrams.
a) and P
b) , P and Q
A B
•2 •3 •1
•5
•6
•4
•3 •2
•1
•4
={1, 2, 3, 4}
A={1, 2}
A '={3, 4}
Number Of Subsets
n
The number of subsets of set A=2 , where n
is the number of elements of set A
For example,
if A= {1, 2},
2
then the number of subsets of set A= 2
=4
All the subsets of set A are {}, {1}, {2}
and{1, 2}.